The Endocrine System Endocrine Functions Regulates Body Functions

The Endocrine System

Endocrine Functions - Regulates Body Functions Through the use of Glands Secretes Hormones that Regulate Activities of Various Body Cells Activities such as: - Growth and development - Homeostasis (the internal balance of body systems) - Metabolism (body energy levels) - Reproduction - Response to stimuli (stress and/or injury)

Endocrine vs Exocrine - Secretes directly into the blood stream - Exocrine glands secrete through a duct to a specific place. - Sweat - Sebaceous (Oil) - Mucous - Saliva - Lacrimal

Endocrine System Glands 1. A Group of Cells that Secrete a hormone Hormones 1. Chemical Messenger that is responsible for the changes and development of the body 2. They regulate the activities of different body cells

Endocrine System - Structures 1. Hypothalamus 2. Pituitary Gland 3. Thyroid Gland 4. Adrenal Glands 5. Pancreas 6. Ovaries 7. Testes

Structures – Hypothalamus 1. Very small – Center of the Brain 2. The link between the endocrine and nervous systems. 3. Controls MANY autonomic body functions

Structures – Pituitary 1. Size of a Pea. Gland at the Base of the Brain 2. “Master Gland” – Regulates all others - The hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to stimulate or inhibit hormone production 3. Produces Growth Hormone

Structures – Pituitary Gland

1. Structures – Thyroid One of the Largest Glands Gland 2. Location – Where the Trachea and Larynx Meet 3. Regulates Metabolism - Rate at Which body uses Food - Provides cells with Energy

Structures – Adrenal Location – On. Glands each Kidney 1. 2. Epinephrine (Adrenalin) - “Emergency Hormone”- “ Fight or Flight” - Released into the blood when Angry or Scared - Increases Heart Rate, BP, Respiration

Structures – Pancreas 1. Location – Behind the Stomach 2. Insulin – Regulates Blood Sugar Levels - Decreases Blood Sugar When it is too High

Structures – Ovaries & Testes - Development and Maintenance of Secondary Sex Characteristics which occur during Puberty - Produce Testosterone and Estrogen

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Problems

Hyperthyroidism 1. The thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone 2. Leads to weight loss, fast heart rate, sweating, and nervousness 3. The most common cause is an autoimmune disorder called Grave's disease.

Hypothyroidism 1. The thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 2. Leads to fatigue, constipation, dry skin, and depression. The underactive gland can cause slowed development in children. 3. Some types of hypothyroidism are present at birth.

Adrenal Insufficiency 1. The adrenal gland releases too little of the hormone cortisol and sometimes, aldosterone. 2. Symptoms include fatigue, stomach upset, dehydration, and skin changes. 3. Addison's disease is a type of adrenal insufficiency.

Diabetes 1. Is commonly due to the pancreas not producing enough insulin. 2. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes. 3. Type I – Known as Juvenile Diabetes Type II – Known as Adult Onset Diabetes

Care

Endocrine Care 1. Eat a balanced diet 2. Skip the junk - Sugar, alcohol, and even excess caffeine 3. Ditch the dairy? 4. Exercise properly – not too intense? 5. Get your rest/sleep