The Emergence of Gigabit Ethernet 04 F 7c

The Emergence of Gigabit Ethernet 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 1

Nathan Walker Product Line Manager, WBU Vice Chairman—Gigabit Ethernet Alliance nathanw@cisco. com 408 -526 -5928 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 2

Agenda �The Changing LANscape �What Is Gigabit Ethernet? �When Will Gigabit Ethernet Happen? �Scaling Campus Networks 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 3

The Changing LANscape �Applications �Bandwidth demand �Network traffic patterns �Network technology �Protocols �Problems to solve �Network services 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 4

Applications Driving Network Growth Requirements Applications 500%– 600% Internet/Intranet �Class of service 300% Desktop Video, White Boarding Office Desktop �Higher bandwidth 200%– 300% �High bandwidth Scientific, Engineering Publications, Medical �Predictable latency Data Warehousing �Low latency �Large files Network Backup 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 5

Models for Bandwidth Growth Bandwidth Applications 04 F 7_c 2_0822 ed s a b-b e ive �W t c ra e t �In deo i V � Processors or s s ce o r or p s i s n ce �U o r p er ulti v r M � /Se t n ie l C � Cisco Systems Confidential Users th w rs ro e g s r e ru s e U w � po e r on i o t M a � or b a l l �Co 6

Client/Server Bandwidth Gbps 256 Applications: Clients/Server: Combined: 60%/year 250%/year 20 K Users at 5 Mbps 64 10 K Users at 2 Mbps 16 5 K Users at 1 Mbps 4 1996 04 F 7_c 2_0822 1997 1998 1999 Cisco Systems Confidential 2000 7

Bandwidth Summary Backbone bandwidth driven by large server performance: Uniprocessor Performance 60%/year 2 X/1. 5 y Multiprocessor Sys. Perf. 60%/year 2 X/1. 5 y Server Performance 250%/year 4 X/1. 5 y Larger servers are easier, trend is more users per server: Application Demand Growth 60%/year 2 X/1. 5 y Clients per Server Growth 60%/year 2 X/1. 5 y Server Demand Growth 250%/year 4 X/1. 5 y 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 8

Intranet Backbone Bandwidth �Larger Enterprise Gbps � 5 Mbps/client � 20 K employees 256 � 100 Gbps aggregate 64 �Smaller Enterprise � 5 Mbps/client 16 � 2 K employees 1 � 10 Gbps aggregate 1996 04 F 7_c 2_0822 1997 1998 1999 Cisco Systems Confidential 2000 9

Network Traffic— Changing the Rules “The New 80– 20 Rule” �Server locations shifting �Server bandwidth performance increase �Latency reduction required 80% Backbone 20% �Multimedia applications �Multicast applications �Switching everywhere! 04 F 7_c 2_0822 80% Workgroup Cisco Systems Confidential 10

The Ethernet Case—Dominance All Other �Why Ethernet dominance? Ethernet Scalability 10/1000 Smooth migration Network reliability Network management tools and techniques Low cost Dominance Will Continue 1996 Shipments 1996 Installed Base Source: IDC 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 11

Network Interface Shipments Millions Ethernet Token Ring FDDI ATM Source: IDC 5/96 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 12

Network Protocols— Changing the Rules �The protocol mix will shift All Other IPX TCP/IP �New protocols “energize” packet networks RSVP, RTCP, PIM, IGMP, 802. 1 Q, 802. 1 p �Throughput performance rising— network, servers, desktops Source: BRG 1996 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 13

Solving Network Problems Protocol Problems Too Many Broadcasts 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Media Problems Transport Problems Too Many Collisions Not Enough Capacity Cisco Systems Confidential 14

Emerging Network Services Clients Networks Servers �Scalability �Mobility �Security �Multimedia �Reliability �Quality of service �Connectivity/configuration 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 15

What Is Gigabit Ethernet? �Functional elements �IEEE standard goals �Physical distances/applications �Topologies �Gigabit Ethernet Alliance 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 16

Fast Ethernet Technology— Meeting the Current Need Ethernet Fast Ethernet Applications No Change Applications Management No Change Management CSMA/CD MAC No Change CSMA/CD MAC Customer Choice Thick Coax (10 Base 5) Fiber (10 Base. F) 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Customer Choice Thin Coax (10 Base 2) TP - (10 Base. T( )Cat 3, 4, 5( 5( Four Pair UTP (100 Base. T 4) (Cat 3, 4, 5) 5) Fiber (100 Base. FX) Cisco Systems Confidential 2 Pair UTP, STP (100 Base. TX) (Cat 5) 5) 17

Gigabit Technology— Meeting Tomorrow’s Needs Fast Ethernet Applications Gigabit Ethernet No Change Management CSMA/CD MAC Compatible CSMA/CD MAC Customer Choice Four Pair UTP (100 Base. T 4) (Cat 3, 4, 5) 5) Fiber (100 Base. FX) 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Applications Customer Choice Shielded Twisted Pr (1000 Base. CX) 2 Pair UTP, STP (100 Base. TX) (Cat 5) 5) Short WL Optics (1000 Base. SX( Cisco Systems Confidential Long WL Optics (1000 Base. LX) Twisted Pair (1000 Base. T( 18

Gigabit Ethernet Functional Elements “Ethernet” Upper Layers IEEE 802. 3 z Goals • • • Media Access Control (MAC( Full Duplex and/or Half Duplex Use 802. 3 frame format Half and full duplex Use CSMA/CD Flow control Backward compatibility for installed media Logical “Media Independent Interface” GMII (optional( MAC 8 B / 10 B Encoding / Decoding PHY “MAC and PHY Standard” • Simple • Leverage existing technology 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Copper PHY Encoder / Decoder LWL Fiber Optic Xcvr STP Copper Xcvr Unshielded Twisted Pair Xcvr Single-Mode or Multimode Fiber Shielded Balanced Twisted Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair Cisco Systems Confidential 19

Gigabit Ethernet Physical Transmission Goals Transceiver Type STP Xcvr Line Encoding/Decoding 8 B/10 B Advanced Coding 25 m N/A 100 m (150 ohm ( 4 Pr UTP Xcvr 780 nm CD or VCSEL Laser 300 m (62. 5 u MM Fiber) 550 m (50 u MM Fiber( N/A 1300 nm Laser 550 m (62. 5 u MM Fiber) 3 km (10 u SM Fiber( N/A 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 20

Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber Laser Fiber Type 62. 5 um 50 um 780 nm CD or VCSEL Laser 300 m 550 m N/A 1300 nm Laser Standard Reach 550 m 3 km 1300 nm Laser Long Reach N/A 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential Single Mode 15 -60 km 21

802. 3 z Standards Timetable 95’ 96’ 97’ 98’ Q 1 ’ 98—Complete Standard Nov. ’ 95—IEEE 802. 3 Commissions High-Speed Study Group July ’ 96—IEEE 802. 3 z Gigabit Ethernet Task Force Created 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Mid ’ 97—Start 802. 3 Working Group Ballot End ’ 96—Basic Concept Agreement Cisco Systems Confidential 22

Cabling Support 1000 Mbps MAC (Media Access Control( 802. 3 z CSMA/CD Ethernet GMII (AUI Equivalent( 1000 Base. LX 1300)nm( 1000 Base. SX 850– 780)nm( 1000 Base. T Copper 1000 Base. CX Copper MMF— 550 m SMF— 3 km MMF 550– 300 m Cat 5 UTP 100 m STP 25 m Note: Distances based on IEEE 802. 3 z draft 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 23

Topology Alternatives Objective Topology • High throughput Switched • Long distance Modes Media Connection Applications • Full duplex • Multimode • Campus backbone • Half duplex • Singlemode • Building backbone • Copper • Wiring closet uplinks • Servers • Low cost • Short distance 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Shared • Half duplex • Multimode • Servers • Copper • Desktops (long-term( Cisco Systems Confidential 24

1000 Base. X Repeaters Repeater �Only one repeater in a single collision domain �Copper—initially 25 m link goal, long term 100 m link goal �Fiber distance limited by timing DTE Model Copper Fiber DTE-DTE (No Repeater( 25 m (100 m(* 100 m One Repeater 50 m (200 m(* 200 m Note: * 100 m on UTP with 802. 3 ab 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 25

Gigabit Ethernet—Shared Topology 25 m Cu First 100 m Cu Long-Term 100 m Fiber Maximum DTE 25 m Cu First 100 m Cu Long-Term 100 m Fiber Maximum Repeater DTE 50 m First, 200 m Long-Term Copper Maximum 200 m Fiber Maximum 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 26

Gigabit Ethernet—Shared Topology (Copper and Fiber( Existing Network Switch or Router 125 m (200 m with Fiber) 200 m Long-Term ) with Copper( 100 m Fiber Repeater Copper 25 m NIC 25 m Repeater 25 m NIC 25 m Copper NIC Note: 100 m on UTP with 802. 3 ab 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 27

1000 Base. X Switches Switch �Full duplex for maximum distance �Half duplex possible for connections to repeaters DTE Multimode Fiber Singlemode Fiber Full-Duplex Model Copper DTE-DTE (No Switch( 25 m (100 m(* 550 m 3 km One Switch 50 m (200 m(* 1 km 6 km Note: * 100 m on UTP with 802. 3 ab 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 28

Gigabit Ethernet—Switched Topology (25 m Cu (First 550 m MM 3 km SM Maximum DTE (25 m Cu (First 550 m MM 3 km SM Maximum Switch DTE 50 m Cu (First), 200 m Long-Term Maximum 1 km Multimode Maximum 6 km Singlemode Maximum 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 29

Gigabit Ethernet—Switched Topology Switch or Router Switch Full-Duplex 550 m Multimode Fiber 3 km Singlemode Fiber Switch Copper 25 m NIC 500 m 100 BT Switch NIC NIC Full-Duplex Multimode Fiber 100 BT Switch 100 m UTP NIC NIC Note: 100 m on UTP with 802. 3 ab 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 30

Building Applications �Building backbone 10 Mbps �Gbps uplinks with fiber to the wiring closets 10/100 Mbps 1 Gbps �Gbps switching with copper or short distance fiber in the building data center 10/100 Mbps �Routing and ATM to the wide area network WAN Switch ATM 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 31

Campus Applications �Campus backbone �Gbps links with fiber between buildings �Gbps switching with copper or short distance fiber in the campus data center �Routing and ATM to the wide area network Switch Central Switch 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Campus Center 1 Gbps Switch Cisco Systems Confidential Switch ATM Switch WAN 32

Switch/Hub Port Revenue $Million FDDI ATM Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Source: Data. Quest 8/96 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 33

The Gigabit Ethernet Alliance �Formed May 1996 �Cisco/Granite—founding members � 115 members as of 4/1/97 �Cross-industry membership �Web site: http: //www. gigabit-ethernet. org 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 34

Gigabit Ethernet Alliance 115 Members across Multiple Industry Segments Networking *3 Com Acacia Networks Accton Technology Allied Telesyn Intl. Alteon Networks Ancor Communications* Asante Bay Networks* Cabletron* Cell. Switch Networks Cisco* Cray Communications A/S Cross. Comm Digi International D-Link Emulex Corporation* Essential Communications Extreme Networks* Fibronics Fore Systems Giga. Labs Granite Systems* Shiva Systems* HP Networking Division* Spike Technologies Division* Hitachi Cable SMC Hitachi Internetworking Sumitomo Electric Ipsilon Networks * UB Networks * Kingston Technology UNI LANart Wide. Band Corp* LANOPTICS Xa. Qti Lucent Technologies * Xircom* Macronix America XLNT Designs* Madge Networks * Xylan Mammoth Networks ZNYX Corp. Myricom NBase Communications Neo Networks * Net. Star* Network Peripherals ORNET Data Communication+ Packet Engines* Plaintree Systems* Prominet Corporation* Rapid City Communications* Computer Semiconductor Adaptec Amdahl Corporation Apple Auspex Systems Compaq* Digital* HP* IBM* Siemens AG* Silicon Graphics Sun Microsystems* Alliance Semiconductor AMD Cypress Semiconductor Brooks Technical Group Fujitsu Microelectronic * GEC Plessey Semiconductors Integrated Circuit Systems* Intel* Level One Communications LSI Logic* MMC Networks Micro. Optical Devices Motorola Semiconductor* National Semiconductor* NEC Electronics PMC-Sierra SEEQ Technology S-MOS Systems* Synergy Semiconductor Texas Instruments* Vitesse Semiconductor Corp VLSI Technology* * Indicates Steering committee member. All others are participating members 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 35

Gigabit Ethernet Alliance—Positioning The Strategic Alternative for Campus LANs and Intranets �Easy, straightforward migration without disruption �Scalability to high performance �Flexibility to handle new applications �Low cost of ownership 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 36

Gigabit Ethernet Alliance High-Speed Networking Alternatives Capabilities Gigabit Ethernet Fast Ethernet IP Compatibility Yes Requires RFC 1577 and IP over LANE Today, I-PNNI and/or MPOA in Future Yes Ethernet Packets Yes Requires LANE 1. 0 or Routing from Cells to Packets No Handle Multimedia Yes Yes, but Applications Need to Change Yes Quality of Service Yes, with RSVP and 802. 1 Q/p Yes, with SVCs Yes, with RSVP and 802. 1 Q/p Yes Requires Mapping SVCs to 802. 1 Q/p Yes VLANs with 802. 1 Q 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential ATM FDDI 37

Gigabit Ethernet Alliance Cost of Ownership Expectations Technology Shared Fast Ethernet Equipment Type 1996 1998 Equipment Price /$Port Change % Hub 137$ 102$ 25%– Switch 785$ 500$ 36%– Concentrator 835$ 680$ 19%– Switched FDDI Switch 4000$ 3200$ 20%– ATM 622 Mbps )Multimode Fiber( Switch 6600$ 4200$ 36%– Shared Gigabit Ethernet Estimate Based on IEEE Goal (Multimode Fiber( Hub N. A. 920$to $1400** 2 x to 3 x Fast ) Ethernet MM( Switched Gigabit E-net Estimate Based on IEEE Goal (Multimode Fiber( Switch N. A. 1850$to $2800** 2 x to 3 x Fast ) Ethernet MM( Switched Fast Ethernet Shared FDDI Source: Dell’Oro Group and **Estimates based on Dell’Oro Group info and IEEE goals 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 38

Gigabit Ethernet Alliance Cost of Ownership Expectations �Low equipment cost �Low cost for incremental training �Leverage installed base of : Applications Protocols NOS Desktop connections (NICs and drivers( Installed fiber cabling Network management objects 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 39

When Will Gigabit Ethernet Happen? �Standards timing �Technology availability �Pre-standard product timing �Interoperability �Production product timing 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 40

Gigabit Ethernet Timing Pre-Standard Products 95’ 96’ 97’ Interop Testing Production Products 98’ 1 Q ’ 98—Complete Standard Nov. ’ 95—IEEE 802. 3 Commissions High-Speed Study Group July ’ 96—IEEE 802. 3 z Gigabit Ethernet Task Force Created 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Mid ’ 97—Start 802. 3 Working Group Ballot End ’ 96—Basic Concept Agreement Cisco Systems Confidential 41

Enterprise Customer Views � “Gigabit Ethernet shows promise ” Discussions from July 1996 to present � “A solution focus is needed” � Migration critical to successful deployment � Require more than “Gigabit Ethernet” � Gigabit Networking solutions required Lots of product elements/functions needed 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 42

Key Customer Issues—Gigabit Ethernet 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Basic Requirements Advanced Requirements Multiprotocol Support Network Services Easy Migration Steps Mature Gigabit L 3 Switching High System Availability High Server Throughput Redundancy Accelerate IP and IPX Performance Minimize Cable Plant Changes Backbone MTU Size Flexibility “Rock Solid” Standards Mature Gigabit L 2 Switching Cisco Systems Confidential 43

Deployment—User Views Service Policy Mgt. Network “Centric” Mgt. Device “Centric”Management Production Deployment Pilot Production Confidence Technology Evaluation Demonstrated Interoperability Time 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 44

Scaling Campus Networks �Campus scaling requirements �Ethernet migration paths �Ethernet vs. ATM for the campus �Key Challenges �Solutions for scaling performance �Summary of Cisco’s position 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 45

Campus Scaling Requirements �Bandwidth performance/latency reduction �Installed equipment compatibility Desktop/server/network �Installed LAN protocol compatibility �QOS or “class of service” vs. lots of bandwidth �WAN compatibility �Service integration �Product availability 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 46

Bandwidth Scaling Gigabit Ethernet (Switched( Mbps ATM OC-12 (Switched( ATM OC-3 (Switched( Fast Ethernet (Switched( FDDI (Shared( Token Ring (Shared( Ethernet (Shared( 14 2 Number of Users Per Segment 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 47

Ethernet Migration Paths Switched Ethernet Shared Fast Ethernet Shared Ethernet Switched Gigabit Ethernet Switched Fast Ethernet Shared Gigabit Ethernet Migration Path—Increasing Speed 10 Mbps 04 F 7_c 2_0822 100 Mbps Cisco Systems Confidential 1000 Mbps 48

Scaling—Fast Ethernet Building Backbone “Fast Ethernet between Floors and in the Building Data Center” Campus Backbone “Fast Ethernet between Buildings and in the Central Data Center” 10 Mbps 10/100 Mbps Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps 100 Mbps 10/100 Mbps Central Switch WAN ATM 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 49

Cisco Fast Ether. Channel� �Problem: The deployment of dedicated 10/100 connectivity requires higher-speed uplink bandwidth Switch to Switch Fast Ether. Channel Speed Switch to Server Switch to Router to Server 800 Mb 600 Mb �Solution: Fast Ether. Channel Scalable bandwidth up to 800 Mb 400 Mb True load balancing across links �Scalable to Gigabit Ether. Channel 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential Note: Full duplex BW 50

Scaling–Before Gigabit Ethernet Data Center 300 Mbps 400 Mbps Fast Ethernet Fast Ether. Channel 100 Mbps 200 Mbps 100 Mbps 300 Mbps 200 Mbps Wiring Closets Scaleable Bandwidth Ethernet/ Fast Ethernet Fast Ether. Channel 100– 10 Mbps 400– 100 Mbps 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Gigabit Ready Cisco Systems Confidential 51

Scaling—Fast Ether. Channel Building Backbone “Fast Ether. Channel between Floors and in the Building Data Center” Campus Backbone “Fast Ether. Channel between Buildings and in the Central Data Center” 10 Mbps Fast Ether. Channel Up to 800 Mbps 10/100 Mbps Central Switch WAN ATM 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 52

Multivendor Interoperability Enterprise Servers Fast Ether. Channel Implementation Catalyst� 5000 Switches Network Interface Cards Cisco 7500 Routers 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 53

Scaling – With Gigabit Ethernet Fast Ether. Channel and Gigabit Ethernet Data Center 1 Gbps 2 Gbps Fast Ether. Channel Gigabit Ethernet 200 Mbps 300 Mbps 2 Gbps 400 Mbps 200 Mbps Wiring Closets Scaleable Bandwidth Ethernet/ Fast Ethernet Fast Ether. Channel Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ether. Channel 100– 10 Mbps 400– 100 Mbps 1 Gbps Multigigabit 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 54

Cisco Ethernet Migration Paths �Fast Ether. Channel� technology Gigabit Ether. Channel Switched Gigabit Ethernet Switched Ethernet 20 Mbps Switched Fast Ethernet 200 Mbps Fast Ether. Channel 800 Mbps 2000 Mbps 8000 Mbps Increasing Speed at Full Duplex 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 55

User Benefits of Ethernet Migration 10/1000 Mbps—Fast Ether. Channel �Preservation of installed: User applications Network equipment Network operating systems Network management objects �Minimal learning curve for network administrators �Variety of products: Switches, router interfaces, repeaters, NICs 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 56

Network Simplicity— Changing the Rules Compatibility Ethernet Packets ATM Cells Installed End Station LAN Protocols Scalability Class of Service WAN Yes Yes Emerging With LANE and MPOA Yes Yes � Ethernet dominates desktops/servers � Ethernet scalability improves with Gigabit Ethernet � Protocols are emerging to enhance Ethernet class of service � ATM LANE enables connection of existing desktops/servers � MPOA will provide the multiprotocol connection for ATM 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 57

ATM Migration Paths 6 X 25 Mbps 4 X 155 Mbps 4 X 622 Mbps 2400 Mbps 100 Mbps Migration Path—Increasing Speed 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 58

Scaling the Campus—ATM Building Backbone 155“or 622 Mbps between Floors and in the Building Data Center” Campus Backbone 155“or 622 Mbps between Buildings and in the Central Data Center” 10 Mbps 10/100 Mbps 155 or 622 Mbps 10/100 Mbps Central Switch WAN ATM 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 59

ATM—Service Integration Data, Video, Voice Workgroup ATM Light. Stream� 1010 Campus/MAN ATM Strata. Com�IGX� Multiservice WAN ATM Telco/ISP: Strata. Com BPX�/AXIS� 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 60

Network Design Considerations Requirement , 10/100 GE Some 25 or 155 ATM Best for Cost Riser/Data Center Multiple OC-3 Network-wide Load Sharing Fast Ether. Channel Point-to-Point Load Sharing Quality of Service Many QOS Flows Class of Service Traffic Engineering Scalable Routing Spanning Tree, Bridging, Routing Circuit Emulation IP-Based Desktop/Closet Backbone Availability Voice/Video Circuits Integrated with Data 04 F 7_c 2_0822 ATM Cisco Systems Confidential 61

Scaling—Gigabit Ethernet Improve Performance—Layer 2 Router Backbone “Gbps between Routers” GB SW Router Front End “Aggregate Traffic, Offload Switching from the Router” GB SW 1 Gbps 100 Mbps 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 62

Scaling—Gigabit Ethernet Improve Performance—Distributed Layer 3 Building Backbone “Gbps between Floors and in the Building Data Center” Campus Backbone “Gbps between Buildings and in the Central Data Center” 10 Mbps 10/100 Mbps 1 Gbps 10/100 Mbps Central Switch WAN ATM 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 63

Gigabit Networking Challenges �System bandwidth Multigigabit throughput is the issue Gigabit uplinks are easy �Layer 3 forwarding and routing Gigabit throughput—multiprotocol Integration with installed base �Application of network services �Management and monitoring �Smooth migration 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 64

Gigabit Ethernet Market Opportunity Success factors Time to market Price/port 3, 000$ Market Size 2, 500$ ($MM( 2, 000$ Generational approach Performance Feature set 2899 M$ 2150 M$ 1, 500$ 1, 000$ 500$ 0$ 543 M$ 73 M$ 1997 1998 1999 2000 Calendar Year Source: Dataquest, Inc. 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 65

Multilayer Switch Evolution Path Catalyst 100– 50 Gbps Catalyst Switching Capacity 40– 20 Gbps Catalyst 5500 12– 3. 6 Gbps Catalyst 5000 3. 6– 1. 2 Gbps Standalone and Integrated Gbit Switches Today Growth = 4 X/1. 5 years (250% per year( 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 66

Multilayer Switch Functions �Routing �Security RIP, IGRP, OSPF, PIM Policy-based routing Access lists Lock and key �QOS/multicast �Traffic management Priority queuing PIM, IGMP, CGMP DVMRP interoperability Flow switching RSVP flow reservation 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Class-based queuing RED, WRED Congestion control �Network management SNMP, RMON Net. Flow� monitor Cisco Systems Confidential 67

Convergence of Technology �Layer 3 routing �Reliable redundant paths �Access lists �Resource reservations �Net. Flow L 3 switching �Net. Flow services �Net. Flow management Net. Flow Switching Multilayer, Multigigabit Intranet Switching �Multi-Gbps switch fabric �Congestion control �Quality of service �Wire speed multicast 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 68

Scaling the Intranet Cisco. Fusion� “A Solutions Focus” CWSI Management Tools Ne Man twork age men t Net w Ser ork vice s N Infr etwor k ast ruc ture Arc hite ctu re 04 F 7_c 2_0822 y bilit Visi ontrol C and ion t a c li App egrity Int Cisco IOS� Network Services e = ility c n rma calab o f r Pe th + S wid d n Ba fits e n Be Cisco Systems Confidential Catalyst 5000 Family 69

Scaling the Infrastructure Requirement Bandwidth Gbps Scalability Layer 2– 3 Forwarding Solution Faster Media/Devices (Fast Ether. Channel�, Gigabit Ether. Channel , � ATM , VLANs( Net. Flow Switching Tag Switching Benefit End-to-End Network Performance = Bandwidth + Scalability 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 70

04 F 7_c 2_0822 Net. Flow Switching Wiring Closet Data Center Routed Backbone WAN/VPN Internet Cisco Systems Confidential Tag Switching Campus—Intranet Internet Enterprise Scaling the Intranet/Internet 71

Extending Net. Flow Switching Multilayer Switching Physical Layer, Shared Media L 1 Link Layer, Switching L 2 �Link-layer (Layer 2) switching Congestion control Multilayer Switching and Network Services High performance Bandwidth to the desktop L 3 Plus �Network-layer (Layer 3) switching Per-flow basis Performance Control Scalability Wiring Closet 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential Data Center 72

Net. Flow Switching �Multiprotocol support �Flow oriented switching �Frame or cell based �Learn once—switch many times �Network services applied on per-flow basis 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Layer 3 Cut-Through Cisco 7500 Catalyst 5000 Cisco Systems Confidential Catalyst 5000 73

Net. Flow Switching Overview Route Table Access List Queuing Priority Accounting Data Switching Task Security Task Queuing Task Accounting Task First Packet Subsequent Packets 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Net. Flow Cache Net. Flow Switching Task Flow Specifications Net. Flow Statistics Cisco Systems Confidential Net. Flow Data Export 74

Net. Flow Switching Operation First Packet Routed between VLANs by Router Inter-VLAN Router Switch Learns Flow Is Valid I can use this cut-through for red to blue All Subsequent Packets Switched by Net. Flow Switch Resultant Direct Cut-Through between Red and Blue Net. Flow Switching 04 F 7_2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 75

Net. Flow Switching Implementation Net. Flow Switching Feature Card on Supervisor Engine ATM Backbone Modules with MPOA Delivers Net. Flow Switching over ATM Route/Switch Module (RSM( 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 76

Layer 3 Switching Approaches Requirement Net. Flow Switching Cabletron SFVN 3 Com Fast IP Bay Ipsilon IP Autolearn IP Switching Standards-Based 4 No VLSP No Uses d. NHRP 4 )ARP Proxy( No Uses IFMP Multiprotocol Support 4 No No VLAN Aware 4 4 No Coexistence Scalability 4 Limit to 20 Switches Seamless Migration 4 End Station Changes 3 Com Adapters Required New Chassis. No Network Redundancy Routed Backbone Only Cells and Frame Based 4 Frame Only 4 Ethernet Only ATM Only Layer 4 Security 4 No No 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Layer 2 Switch Processor. Path Only Based No Limited by #of VCs 4 77

Cisco IOS Network Services End-to-End Application Integrity Clients Networks Foundation Services Servers Enabling Services Connectivity Services Mobility Services Scalability Services Multimedia Services Security Services Quality of Service Reliability Services Management Services 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 78

Intranet Management Requirement Solution Benefit Infrastructure Management Device—Link—Campus Management Tools End-to-End Visibility and Control Network Services Management Policy Management of Network Services 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 79

Customer Issues—Gigabit Networks Basic Requirements Advanced Requirements Multiprotocol Support Network Services Easy Migration Steps Mature Gigabit L 3 Switching High System Availability High Server Throughput Redundancy Accelerate IP and IPX Performance Minimize Cable Plant Changes Backbone MTU Size Flexibility “Rock Solid” Standards Mature Gigabit L 2 Switching 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 80

Campus Network Compatibility Ethernet Packets ATM Cells 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Installed End Station LAN Protocols Scalability Class of Service Yes Yes All Major Platforms IP, IPX, DECnet, Apple. Talk, VINES, etc. 10 Mbps, 1000 Mbps, and Higher! RSVP, RTCP, PIM, IGMP, 802. 1 Q/p Requires NIC Requires Yes and Driver. Change to NIC 25 Mbps, New API and Driver, API and 155 Mbps, 622 Application or Mbps, 2400 IP over ATM, Mbps, and MPOA or LANE or MPOA Higher! on NIC Cisco Systems Confidential WAN Packets over SONET or Requires Routing at WAN interface Yes QOS Defined by SVC, PVC and ATM Cell Header Some 45 Mbps, 155 Mbps Services Now 81

Enterprise Network Media Roadmap Legacy 1997 Future Desktop Connection 10 Base. T Token Ring 10/100 Ethernet Token Ring Server Connection Multiple Ethernet FDDI 100 Base. T Token Ring FDDI ATM 100 Base. T Gigabit Ethernet ATM Building Riser Ethernet Token Ring FDDI 100 Base. T/F FDDI ATM 100 Base. T ATM Gigabit Ethernet Campus Backbone Ethernet Token Ring FDDI 100 Base. F FDDI ATM Gigabit Ethernet 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 82

Gigabit Ethernet vs. ATM Key Features Gigabit Ethernet ATM Low Cost Moderate Cost Quality of Service Class of Service with 802. 1 Q, RSVP Guaranteed Quality of Service Integration High-Speed Data, Potential for Voice/Video over IP Data, Video, Voice Building Backbone/Riser Campus Backbone Servers WAN Building Backbone/Riser Campus Backbone Servers 1998 Shipping Now Bandwidth Applications Product Availability 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 83

LAN Switching and ATM Switching Cisco IOS Wiring Closet Scalability Services Building Backbone Campus/WAN 100 M LAN Switching 1 Gigabit LAN Switching 10/100 LAN Switching ATM Price/Performance Ratio 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 84

Summary—Cisco. Fusion �Gigabit Networking requires new solutions : More than Gigabit Ethernet—Layer 3 and services too! Variety of technologies are and will be deployed Cisco’s leading solutions scale to gigabit speeds… and beyond �Today : Fast Ethernet products shipping in volume ATM products shipping in volume Gigabit Ethernet products in development Cisco—Leading “Frame” and “Cell”-based solutions Cisco—Leading Layer 3 solutions 04 F 7_c 2_0822 Cisco Systems Confidential 85