The Elements of Life Organic Chemistry Using the

The Elements of Life Organic Chemistry

Using the periodic table, write down the seven elements you think are most common in the human body and the Earth’s crust. This is a hypothesis so there are no wrong answers. Human Body Earth’s crust 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

How many did you have on your list? Correct them if they are incorrect. Human Body 1. oxygen (O) 65% 2. carbon (C) 18% 3. hydrogen (H) 10% Earth’s crust 1. oxygen (O) 47% 2. silicon (Si) 28% 3. aluminum (Al) 8% 4. 5. 6. 7. nitrogen (N) calcium (Ca) potassium (K) sulfur (S) 3% 1%. 4%. 3% iron (Fe) calcium (Ca) sodium (Na) potassium (K) 5% 4% 3% 3%

Human Body 3% 0% 10% 18% 65% oxygen carbon hydrogen nitrogen calcium potassium sulfur

The Human Body

Earth’s Crust 3% 3% 4% 5% 8% 47% 28% oxygen silicon aluminum iron calcium sodium potassium

• All matter on Earth is made up of elements • Biotic (living) organisms are made mostly of 6 elements – Carbon – Hydrogen – Oxygen – Phosphorous – Nitrogen – Sulfur • SPONCH

Carbon 6 • carbon is key to life and is present in all organic compounds • Carbon is found free in nature in three forms: C 12. 011 Carbon graphite coal diamond

Carbon • Makes up 18. 5% of the human body • Carbon is in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide • Dissolved in all natural water • Component of many rocks like limestone • Makes up fossil fuels • It is found in abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets. Modern Model Bohr Model

Carbon • Can have 4 different bonds with other elements – straight chains – branched chains – rings straight chain branched chain ring

Carbon • Find carbon on the periodic table and color it yellow

Hydrogen • Lightest element • Only 1 proton in the nucleus • Most abundant element in the universe – Make up 75% of the mass of the universe • In the atmosphere • Part of water 1 H 1. 008 Hydrogen

Hydrogen • • Makes up 9. 5% of the human body Hydrogen is a major component of the sun and stars Jupiter is made mostly of hydrogen Hydrogen can be explosive The Hindenburg

Hydrogen • Find hydrogen on the periodic table and color it yellow

Nitrogen • nitrogen makes up 70% of the Earth’s atmosphere • usually a colorless, odorless gas • major part of proteins • used to make fertilizers • plants need nitrogen to stay healthy 7 N 14. 007 Nitrogen

Nitrogen • The nitrogen cycle is very important for life

Nitrogen • Find nitrogen on the periodic table and color it yellow

Oxygen • necessary for life on Earth • around 21% of the atmosphere is oxygen • component of water • makes up 65% of the human body • Third most abundant element in the sun 8 O 15. 999 Oxygen

Oxygen • Find oxygen on the periodic table and color it yellow

Phosphorus • needed to make DNA • part of bones and teeth • there are several types – white, red, and black • It combusts spontaneously in air • part of ATP (what cells use for energy) 15 P 30. 974 Phosphorus

Phosphorus Cycle

Phosphorus • Find phosphorous on the periodic table and color it yellow

Sulfur • pale yellow, odorless solid • minor part of fats, body fluids and skeletal minerals • key component of proteins • dangerous if inhaled as hydrogen sulfide 16 S 32. 066 Sulfur

Sulfur • Found in meteorites, volcanoes, hot springs • sulfur dioxide is part of acid rain

Sulfur • Find sulfur on the periodic table and color it yellow

Organic Elements