The Elements of Argumentation ETHOS LOGOS PATHOS Ethos

The Elements of Argumentation: ETHOS LOGOS PATHOS

Ethos (Credibility) § Ethos: The source's credibility; the speaker/author's authority We tend to believe people we respect. One of the central challenges of argumentation is projecting an impression that you are worth listening to. Are you an expert on your subject? Are you a reputable source? Is it a waste of time to listen to you, or do you have some valuable, reliable information to share?

Ethos: What to look for… When we examine argumentative rhetoric, we need to be on the lookout for SPECIFIC DICTION that reveals strong or weak ETHOS. Example: You are buying a television, and you ask the salesperson some questions. He responds by saying “I think this one has some nice features, and it’s on sale. ”

Logos (Logical) Logos: The logic (logical reasoning) used to support a claim Facts/Statistics/Data/Examples/Information that supports your argument

Logos (continued) When we examine argumentative rhetoric, we need to be on the lookout for SPECIFIC DICTION that reveals strong or weak LOGOS. Example: While shopping for a new car, you read an advertisement that claims “Car A” gets 25 mpg, boasts a 5 -Star crash rating, and has sold more than any other vehicle in the last month. How might factual or statistical data affect your judgment?

More about Logos… Caveat Emptor (Buyer Beware) Despite being shown statistics, facts, examples, data, or evidence supporting a particular argument, you must question the legitimacy of said information Consider how Ethos and Logos go hand-in-hand…

Pathos (Emotional) Pathos: Appealing to the reader's emotions. Language choice (diction) affects the audience's emotional response, and emotional appeal can effectively be used to enhance an argument. Remember…Diction Creates Tone; Tone Sets Mood.

More about Pathos… Again, consider how the three elements work together… Don’t be misguided by your emotions If the source lacks credibility, be skeptical If the source lacks fundamental, vital information, be suspicious

ASSIGNMENT: 1. Form a group of 2 -3 people 2. Select a topic that you wish to ARGUE Topics must be cleared with your teacher Be sure to consider target audience 3. Prepare and give a PRESENTATION to the class Be sure to include all 3 elements of argument Yes, you will need to research your topic Audio/Visual aids… Be creative 4. All group members will receive the same grade, so be prepared!