The Eisenhower Era 1952 1960 The Eisenhower Era
- Slides: 69
The Eisenhower Era Ø 1952 -1960
ØThe Eisenhower Era ØIke projected an image of a "nonpolitical" president. ØImmensely popular grandfather figure.
ØMc. Carthy Hearings Ø Mc. Carthy begins hearings into the existence of Communists in the Army. Ø George Marshall is denounced.
Army - Mc. Carthy Hearings
Ø Eisenhower allows Mc. Carthy to dictate State Department personnel policy and does not condemn him.
Ø Mc. Carthy is later censured by the Senate -- many Asia experts will be fired as communist sympathizers.
ØEisenhower Republicanism Ø Eisenhower pledges a philosophy of “Dynamic Conservatism”
Ø He halted the growth of the TVA and condemned free polio vaccines as “socialized medicine. ”
Ø called a halt to massive military build-up.
Ø Many New Deal programs were actually extended -such as Social Security.
Ø Eisenhower also called for the creation of the Interstate highway system which led to increased suburbanization.
The Burbs
Ø only 3 of his eight years will see balanced budgets and he will incur the largest peacetime budget deficit until the Reagan administration.
n. Economic troubles will lead to the Democrats regaining Congress in 1954 and n. The CIO merging with the AFL to form the AFL -CIO.
ØThe Cold War Wanes Ø Armistice in Korea - ceasefire declared at Panmunjom short of victory.
Ø Stalin dies in March, 1953 - Khrushchev g
ØBrinkmanship Ø Sec. of State John Foster Dulles vows to "roll back" Communism Ø follows policy of brinkmanship - vows massive retaliation.
Ø“New Look” defense. Ø Called for more use of airforce and nuclear weapons Ø “more bang for the buck” - it would deter the spread of communism
ØEisenhower stands firm Ø 1954 - French lose Battle of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam to communists under Ho Chi Minh
Ø Geneva Conference divides country at 17 th parallel - elections fall through and US backs Ngo Dinh Diem in the south US forms SEATO treaty.
ØNew Crises add to tensions Ø Hungarian Revolt (1956) - demonstration in Hungary leads to open revolt - Soviets invade and crush rebellion. Ø American lack of reaction points out the problems with the “New Look”
The Red Tanks
ØCrisis in the Middle East Ø Suez Crisis (1956) - Israel, France and Britain invade Egypt to take back canal - US intervenes fearing US - Soviet conflict.
Ø 1957 - Congress agrees to Eisenhower Doctrine - US will send troops to Middle East to halt communist aggression. Ø 1958 - US sends troops to Lebanon to keep peace in Civil War.
ØCivil Rights Ø Congress and president refused to move on civil rights - Earl Warren’s court took initiative.
Ø 1954 - Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas reversed the “separate but equal” doctrine of Plessy v Ferguson Ø segregated schools are “inherently unequal”
“Separate but Equal”
Ø Southern schools refused to desegregate - put up “massive resistance” Ø Eisenhower did not endorse the decision.
ØCivil Rights Confrontations Ø Dec. 1955 - Rosa Parks refuses to move to back of bus in Montgomery, AL.
Ø Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. organizes bus boycott.
Rosa Parks “Thank you Sister Rosa. You are the spark that started our freedom movement. Thank you sister Rosa Parks. ” -Neville Bros.
Dr. King Arrested in Montgomery
Ø Sept. 1957 - Gov. Orval Faubus mobilized the Arkansas National Guard to stop 9 black children from attending Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas. Ø Eisenhower sent troops to escort the children.
Little Rock
Ø 1957 Civil Rights Act - set up a Civil Rights Commission to investigate civil rights violations.
ØThe Space Race Ø Oct. 1957 - Soviets launch Sputnik satellite Eisenhower declares the little basketball should not cause “one iota” of concern.
Ø It does!! Ø the “Space Race” begins
ØRace to beat the Russians Ø First American attempts to launch missiles end in disaster - “Kaputniks”
Ø National Defense and Education Act -loans to students and spending on science education.
ØForeign Policy Ø Berlin Crisis 1958 - Soviets give 6 month deadline for western powers to leave Berlin. Ø Eisenhower refuses to budge and Khrushchev backs down.
Ø Dulles says “we looked Russia right in the eye and they blinked”
Goodwill Diplomacy Ø Eisenhower goes on “Goodwill Tour” of Europe, India and later Latin America. Ø Khrushchev comes to America - meets Ike at Camp David.
Khrushchev in America
Paris Summit n Paris “Summit Conference” called for May 1960 Ø American U 2 spy plane shot down over Russia on the eve of Paris Summit. What’s so funny?
Plausible Deniability?
Nixon goes to USSR Ø Nixon has his “Kitchen Debate” with Khrushchev in `59. Ø The “New” Nixon emerges as a world statesman.
ØMore Trouble in Latin America Ø CIA led a coup that overthrew a leftist government in Guatemala in 1954.
Ø Nixon goes on a goodwill tour of Latin America attacked by mobs.
Fidel Castro Ø 1959 - Castro overthrows Bautista in Cuba - becomes Soviet satellite Washington cuts relations with Cuba in `61.
Eisenhower Retires Eisenhower put to rest fears of presidents being “lame ducks” because of the 22 nd amendment. n He was more vigorous and active in his second term and retired as a very popular president. n
Ike’s Farewell Address n In his farewell address he warned the country against the rising power of the “militaryindustrial complex. ”
Fifties Culture
Television
Marlon Brando
James Dean
Audrey Hepburn
Marilyn Monroe
America’s love for Cars
Drive In Culture
Cult of Conformity
The Beat Generation Jack Kerouac and Neal Cassady “On the Road”
Allen Ginsburg
- The eisenhower years, 1952-1960
- Truman foreign policy vs eisenhower
- Matriz eisenhower excel
- Eisenhower
- Lesson 1 truman and eisenhower
- Chapter 14 lesson 1 truman and eisenhower
- Dwight d eisenhower accomplishments
- Dwight d eisenhower domestic policy
- Analisi strategica per le decisioni aziendali sapienza
- Stalingrad csfd
- Eisenhower doctrine apush
- Eisenhower middle school everett
- Lesson 4 eisenhowers cold war policies
- Jcc v eisenhower
- Korean war vietnam war venn diagram
- Truman vs eisenhower
- Metoda eisenhower
- Eisenhower philosophy
- Victorian era vs elizabethan era
- Creí que era una aventura y en realidad era la vida
- Vi uma estrela tão alta
- Quiz 2 the baroque era
- Ivanhoe 1952
- Affiche guerre froide
- 21 february is observed as shaheed dibosh every year
- Definisi ordinan
- Ilon vuosi 1952
- Drugo razdoblje u hrvatskoj književnosti
- Ehremann
- Jean paul 1952
- What are the aims of secondary education
- Apakah tujuan ordinan pelajaran 1952 diwujudkan?
- The seed of independence was sown on 21 february 1952
- Obilježja ekspresionizma
- Modcello di amrkowitz
- El túnel 1952
- Maria montessori 1870 to 1952
- 1952 okul öncesi eğitim programı
- Convenio 102 de 1952 oit
- Kirjanik 1898-1978
- Revolucion nacional de 1952 causas
- 21 february in bd
- John dewey (1859-1952)
- Markowitz 1952
- Sperling 1960 sensory memory
- A. gailiti romaan
- Land art 1960
- Ejemplo de fidelidad
- 60-luvun muoti
- Joubert v tarry and co
- Coase 1960 the problem of social cost
- Latviešu dzejnieks 1910-1985
- Maharashtra districts in 1960
- Pop art kunstnere
- The devil from seventh grade 1960
- Food in the 1960s
- Versiculo que hable del bautismo
- Intertextuality by julia kristeva
- Pop art 1950 60
- Heater 1960 slang definition
- Kasalungat ng pagsusuri
- Aries 1960
- 1950 pop art
- Minimal art 1960
- The cold war begins 1945-1960
- Aralsjön 1960
- Coase 1960
- Ayşe belgin güven
- Mischief rule of interpretation
- Car from outsiders