The Eight Families By Sydney Sanders The Alkali

The Eight Families By: Sydney Sanders

The Alkali Metals • • • Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium Francium Five facts: • • • These elements are extremely reactive. Only found in nature only in compounds. The most familiar of these compounds is table salt. These elements have a single valence electron. Not all the elements in this group are equally reactive.

The Alkaline Earth Metals • • • Beryllium Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium Five facts: • • • These elements have two valence electrons. Harder than metals in group 1 A. Half of the elements in this group reactive easily in cold water. The melting points are much higher than in group 1 A. Differences in ractivity depends on how the elements react with cold water.

The boron family • • • Boron Aluminum Gallium Indium Thallium • • • All the elements have three valence electrons. Group 13 (XIII) Used to be referred as the Earth metals All of the elements are poor metals besides boron. Aluminum is the most abundant element in the Earth.

The carbon family • • • Carbon Silicon Germanium Tin Lead • • • Except for water, most of the compounds in your body contain carbon. Each of these elements contain four valence electrons. Germanium is a better conductor of electric current than silicon. Silicon is the second most abundant element in Earths crust. Silicon mixed with carbon forms a very hard compound.

The Nitrogen Family • • • Nitrogen Phosphorus Arsenic Antinomy Bismuth • • • Besides nitrogen, fertilizers often contain phosphorus. Nitrogen makes plants green. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important elements in this group. These elements have five valence electrons. Phosphorus is very flammable.

The Oxygen Family • • • Oxygen Sulfur Selenium Tellurium Polonium • • • Oxygen is the most abundent element in the Earths crust. These elements have six valence electrons. Oxygen can be stored as a liquid under pressure in an oxygen tank. Materials the are in pure oxygen burns easily. Ozone is another form of oxygen.

The Halogens • • • Flourine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine • • • Halogens have similar chemical properties. These elements have seven valence electrons Bromine is a liquid that evaporates quickly. They are highly reactive nonmetals They have different physical properties.

The Noble Gases • • • Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon • • • Colorless and odorless Extremely uncreative. Helium has only two valence electrons. The other elements have eight valence electrons. These elements were very hard to find.