THE EFFECTS Stages of the Demographic Transition affect

POPULATION PYRAMIDS People aged 65 and older And those aged 14 and younger are

Population Pyramids related to the Demographic Transition Model Stage 1 IMPLICATIONS Both birth rates

POPULATION PYRAMIDS Stage 2 Countries Stage 2 countries have a wider bottom 1/3 and

POPULATION PYRAMIDS Stage 3 Countries Chile Stage 3 countries begin to look more like

POPULATION PYRAMIDS Stage 4 Countries Denmark Stage 4 Countries look more rectangular with the

AZ: Breakdown by Ethnic Population Groups within MDCs may have varying pop patterns

Practice with real pyramids-What Stage of DTM? 3 1 4 5

What stage of the DTM is Country A? Country B How can you tell?

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THE EFFECTS Stages of the Demographic Transition affect a country’s population in a few of ways: 1. The overall number of people (POPULATION grows) 2. The structure of the population The Age Distribution The Sex Distribution

POPULATION PYRAMIDS

POPULATION PYRAMIDS A way to depict a country’s population profile graphically Y-Axis indicates age Graphed data are AGE COHORTS… population divided into 5 year groups For example, Males aged 46 -50 make up 4% of this country’s population X-Axis indicates % of population Males to left of split X-Axis is divided into mirror image Females to right of split

POPULATION PYRAMIDS People aged 65 and older And those aged 14 and younger are considered DEPENDENTS. DEPENDENCY RATIO is the percentage of a population too old or too young to work. SEX RATIO is the number of males for every 100 females in a population. In general, slightly more males than females are born. But females live longer

Population Pyramids related to the Demographic Transition Model Stage 1 IMPLICATIONS Both birth rates and Death rates are High, so population growth rates are slow but population Is usually restored Due to high birth Rate. Short life Expectancy EXAMPLES: none today - Afghanistan, Ivory Coast (30 years ago)There are no Stage 1 countries today Stage 2 Stage 3 IMPLICATIONS Population continues to grow but at slower rate. Low C Death Rate. Dramatically declining Crude Birth Rate. Low Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate Higher dependency ratio and longer life expectancy Crude Death Rate does Rise slightly because of The ageing population Population starts to grow at an exponential rate due to fall in Crude Death Rate. More living In middle age. Life expectancy rises Infant mortality rate falls. EXAMPLES: DR Congo, Yemen, Afghanistan (today) Stage 4 EXAMPLES: India, Brazil (late 3) – Most of EXAMPLES: China, United world is in 3 States, Canada, Australia There is some merit in including or considering a Stage 5 today with a declining population. Europe - Japan

POPULATION PYRAMIDS Stage 2 Countries Stage 2 countries have a wider bottom 1/3 and a narrow top 1/3. The birth rate has remained high, so the base is broad. Stage 2 countries have very high dependency ratios often near 50% Stage 2 countries often have 1/3 of population under age 14. Cape Verde Islands

POPULATION PYRAMIDS Stage 3 Countries Chile Stage 3 countries begin to look more like a classic Christmas tree. As the birth rate begins to decline, the middle third of the pyramid begins to fatten. As people begin to live longer, the top third fattens, too.

POPULATION PYRAMIDS Stage 4 Countries Denmark Stage 4 Countries look more rectangular with the taper beginning in the upper 1/3 of the pyramid. People are living longer (top fattens) and having fewer children (bottom slims) Only 1/3 of the population in Stage 4 countries are dependents (it was ½ in stage 2) Only 1/6 of the population in Stage 4 countries is 14 and under (it was 1/3 in stage 2)

AZ: Breakdown by Ethnic Population Groups within MDCs may have varying pop patterns

Practice with real pyramids-What Stage of DTM? 3 1 4 5

What stage of the DTM is Country A? Country B How can you tell? Explain