THE EFFECT OF MAN ON THE ENVIRONMENT BUTTONS

THE EFFECT OF MAN ON THE ENVIRONMENT BUTTONS Click here; Clicking here will allow you to hear some information Clicking here will move you back a page. Clicking here will bring you back to this page. on the Clicking here will reveal answer Clicking here will reveal some information Clicking here will move you toan the next page topic. Clicking here again will stop the sound. TOPICS Jump to … …chemicals that pollute the environment (2 slides) Jump to … …effects of water pollution on wildlife (1 slide) Jump to … …effects of pesticides on the environment - bioaccumulation (1 slide) Jump to … …practice questions (2 slides) Jump to … …exam questions (3 slides)

CHEMICALS THAT POLLUTE THE ENVIRONMENT A number of chemicals pollute the environment: They are used by farmers on the land to promote the growth of crops. It comes from farmland has the same purpose as fertilisers. MORE INFORMATION FERTILISER Poisonous chemicals that are sprayed onto plants that are growing. If insects or fungi ingest them then they are killed. They contain heavy metals like lead and mercury. PESTICIDES MANURE HUMAN SEWAGE It flows into rivers and has the same effect as manure.

BACK NPK FERTILISER Fertiliser is full of nutrients that are essential for healthy plant growth and therefore produce good crop yields for the farmer. Higher crop yields produce more food. Heavy rains can wash the fertiliser or manure from the land into streams, rivers, lakes and into the sea. Here they will promote more aquatic plant growth. This can lead to water pollution. N: Nitrates P: Phosphates K: Potassium • Allows new • Growth of plants to healthy roots. produce new protein for healthy growth. • Helps the enzymes that are involved in photosynthesis and respiration.

STEP 1: FERTILISER AND manure CREATES WATER POLLUTION STEP 1 Rainwater washes fertiliser (NPK) or manure from farmland into rivers and lakes. STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 OVERVIEW Lake or river

STEP 2: EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON WILDLIFE STEP 1 STEP 2 Aquatic plants and algae will grow quickly. The algae on the surface of the water restricts light energy from the sun from reaching the bottom of the river or lake. STEP 3 STEP 4 Algal bloom Lake or river STEP 5 OVERVIEW Plants dying

STEP 3: EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON WILDLIFE STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 The plants at the bottom of the lake cannot photosynthesise and therefore will die. Microbes like bacteria cause the decomposition (decay) of the dead plants. With the increase in decomposition, the number of microbes increase. If there is manure/sewage in the water bacteria numbers will increase whilst decaying the manure. STEP 4 STEP 5 OVERVIEW Algal bloom Microbes (e. g. bacteria)

STEP 4: EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON WILDLIFE STEP 1 STEP 2 Microbes use dissolved oxygen in the water to respire. Therefore, the level of oxygen in the water decreases. STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 Algal bloom O₂ O₂ OVERVIEW Oxygen level

STEP 5: EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON WILDLIFE STEP 1 As the oxygen levels in the water is low, aquatic animals can suffocate and die. STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 Algal bloom O₂ STEP 5 O₂ OVERVIEW Oh no, I haven’t got enough oxygen to breathe! O₂ O₂ O₂

OVERVIEW: EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON WILDLIFE This effect is called eutrophication. STEP 1 KEYWORDS: manure, fertiliser, light energy, photosynthesis, decompose, decay, bacteria, oxygen, respiration, suffocate, eutrophication STEP 5 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4

Concentration of heavy metals increases in the body of the animals by moving up the chain 7 EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE ENVIRONMENT - BIOACCUMULATION Stage Description Poisonous level 1 Heavy metals from industrial waste/ pesticides (e. g. DDT) penetrate into the soil and are washed into rivers by the rain. 6 2 Plants absorb a low concentration of the chemical into their system. 3 Each small insect eats several small plants. 4 Each small bird eats several small insects. 5 Each snake eats several small birds. 6 Each owl eats several snakes. 5 7 4 3 2 The chemical reaches a poisonous level in the owl which can lead to lower fertility and/or death. 1 Heavy metals stay inside living tissue, this is why it accumulates at every stage. This is called bioaccumulation.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1 Use the diagram below to explain the meaning of ‘bioaccumulation’. Egg TIME Sperm Concentration of heavy metals The level of heavy metals increases (accumulate) at each stage of the food chain until it reaches a poisonous level. Living tissue cannot excrete the heavy metals (from pesticides). This can lead to lower fertility and/or death of the top carnivore through poisoning.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2 Choose the sentences from each row which correctly describes the effect of fertiliser and manure on water pollution: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Proteins and fats can run into Incorrect. water from nearby farmland. Untreated manure and fertiliser Correct! This will happen if can run into water from nearby there is heavy rainfall. farmland. Blood can run into water from Incorrect. nearby farmland. There is increased growth of plants and algae on the Correct! We call this growth on the water surface of the water. This blocks light energy from algal bloom. reaching plants at the bottom of the pond. There is decreased growth of plants and algae on the Incorrect. The manure will cause an increase in surface of the water. This blocks light energy from plant / algae growth. reaching plants at the bottom of the pond. The plants at the bottom of the pond cannot Incorrect. The bacteria use the dead materials to photosynthesise, die and decompose (decay). The number of microbes responsible for their decomposition will receive nutrients. decrease. The plants at the bottom of the pond cannot Correct! The number of bacteria will increase as photosynthesise, die and decompose (decay). The number of microbes responsible for their decomposition will the number of dead plants increase. Incorrect. Breathing is the The microbes use dissolved oxygen in the water to breathe. Therefore process of receiving oxygen water oxygen levels decrease. from the air. The microbes use dissolved oxygen in Incorrect. Oxygen is released by the water to photosynthesise. plants or some microbes during Therefore water oxygen levels photosynthesis. decrease. Correct! During respiration The microbes use dissolved oxygen in the water to respire. Therefore water oxygen is used to release oxygen levels decrease. energy. Correct! Fish need oxygen to As the oxygen level in seawater is mantain respiration and so low, some aquatic animals will suffocate and die. survive. Incorrect. The fish cannot adapt so low, aquatic animals will adapt quickly enough to avoid death. over time. As the oxygen level in seawater is Incorrect. Neither fish nor As the oxygen level in seawater is so low, aquatic animals will animals can survive without survive easily. oxygen for respiration. Incorrect. Photosynthesis is the process of using light energy to This effect on wildlife is called createphotosynthesis. glucose and release oxygen. Incorrect. Bioaccumulation is the process of chemicals This effect on wildlife is called bioaccumulation. accumulating (building up) in a food chain. This effect on wildlife is called Correct! eutrophication.

WJEC HT Summer 2014 EXAM QUESTION 1 (88/88, 000) x 100 0. 1% [1] Concentration of pesticide accumulates / bioaccumulation [1] This can cause a decrease in fertility.

WJEC FT Winter 2013 EXAM QUESTION 2 [1] Fewer animals were recorded in 2012 [1] p. H has decreased from 7 to 4

EXAM QUESTION 2 (CONTINUED) Study each year / more often during the year Count the number of animals (quantitative data) Observe for a longer period of time / more often during the day Bacteria / fungus