THE EBULLIENCE OF BRAZIL LATI 50 Introduction to

THE EBULLIENCE OF BRAZIL LATI 50 Introduction to Latin America

SLOGANS AND STEREOTYPES • Sambas and beaches • Racial democracy • Contrasts with Spanish America • “country of the future” • “God is a Brazilian”

VITAL STATISTICS, 2007 • • • Population (millions) 191. 6 GDP ($U. S. billions) 1314. 2 GDP/capita ($U. S. ) 5910 Poverty rate (% 2006) 33. 3 Life expectancy (years) 72

AGRARIAN CYCLES • Sugar – Brazilian Northeast – Slavery – 30% exports in 1820 s, 5% by 1900 • Rubber – 19 th century through World War I • Coffee – – South-central Brazil, especially state of São Paulo Immigration from Europe Risks and competition 75% world production in 1900, 67% in 1930, 18% in 1978

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT • Beginning late nineteenth century, accelerated 1930 s and 40 s • Concentration in São Paulo • 30% of GDP by mid-1970 s • Urbanization as consequence • Role and support of state • Strength of organized labor • Reduced dependency, increased autonomy

POLITICAL CHANGE • First Republic (1889 -1930) • Getúlio Vargas and the Estado Novo (19301945) • Second Republic (1946 -1964) • Military Rule (1964 -1985) • Liberalization and Democratization (1985 present) • Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula)

BRAZIL: EMERGING POWER? • Demographic size and economic strength • MERCOSUR and UNASUR • Containment of Hugo Chávez, leader of “moderate” Left • Role in international forums (e. g. , WTO) • Candidacy for UN Security Council (G 4) • BRIC and rising powers • Inclusion in tier of The Eight, right below USA • Prospects for the future?