The Early Middle Ages Section 3 Good afternoon

The Early Middle Ages Section 3 Good afternoon!!!!!! • • • You have a quiz over Islam today 12 questions Take out a piece of paper You can tear it in half and share with a neighbor Sit down…for real…like now…lunch detention otherwise. • Speaking of, if you have lunch detention, you have two more days to serve before you get written up.

Section 3 The Early Middle Ages Warm-up! 1. Who were the Germanic tribes and how were they different than the Romans? 2. Who was Charlemagne? What was the most significant thing that happened during his reign? 3. What happens when one person rules too much land?

The Early Middle Ages Section 3 The Feudal and Manorial Systems Chapt 13 Sect 2 Main Idea In Europe during the Middle Ages, the feudal and manorial systems governed life and required people to perform certain duties and obligations.

Section 3 The Early Middle Ages The Feudal System Knights did not exist at the beginning of the Middle Ages but began to emerge as the period progressed. Origins of Feudalism Knights and Lords • Feudalism originated partly as result of Viking invasions • Kings were unable to defend their lands, lands of their nobles • Nobles had to find ways to defend own lands • Built castles, often on hills • Not elaborate structures; built of wood, used as place of shelter in case of attack • Nobles needed trained soldiers to defend castles • Knights most important, highly skilled soldiers • Mounted knights in heavy armor best defenders • Being a knight expensive; had to maintain weapons, armor, horses • Knights demanded payment for services

The Early Middle Ages Section 3 Fiefs and Vassals Knights were usually paid for their services with land • This land was called a fief – Anyone accepting fief was called a vassal – Typically, a NOBLE would give a FIEF to a KNIGHT • Historians call system of exchanging land for service the feudal system, or feudalism

The Early Middle Ages Section 3 Feudal Obligations Oath of Fealty • Lords and vassals in feudal system had duties to fulfill to one another • Knight’s chief duty as vassal to provide military service to his lord • Had to promise to remain loyal; promise called oath of fealty Financial Obligations • Knight had certain financial obligations to lord • Knight obligated to pay ransom for lord’s release if captured in battle • Gave money to lord on special occasions, such as knighting of son Lord’s Obligations • Lord had to treat knights fairly, not demanding too much time, money • Had to protect knight if attacked by enemies • Had to act as judge in disputes between knights

Section 3 The Early Middle Ages Feudal Contract LORDS GIVE PROTECTION AND SERVICE GIVE LAND VASSALS

The Early Middle Ages Section 3 Bringing Feudalism to Life!!

Section 3 The Early Middle Ages CONSTRUCTING THE PYRAMID OF POWER KING LOYALTY AND SERVICE LAND POWERFUL NOBLES (LORDS) LOYALTY AND MILITARY SERVICE LAND PROTECTION LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS/ VASSALS) LABOR PROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN

Section 3 The Early Middle Ages A Complicated System Lord and Vassal Fealty to King • Europe’s feudal system incredibly complex • Person could be both lord, vassal • Some knights with large fiefs gave small pieces of land to other knights, created many levels of obligations • One knight could serve many lords; no prohibition against knight accepting fiefs from more than one noble • Almost everyone in system served more than one lord • Theoretically, everyone supposed to be loyal to the king • In practice, not everyone loyal • Some powerful nobles as strong as kings they were supposed to serve, ignored duties as vassals

The Early Middle Ages Section 3 Summarize How did the feudal system work? Answer(s): lord gave land to knight in return for protection and loyalty

Section 3 The Early Middle Ages The Manorial System The feudal system was a political and social system. Related to Feudalism, was the Manor System. It was built around large estates called manors and governed medieval economics. Lords, Peasants, and Serfs • Manors owned by wealthy lords, knights • Peasants farmed manor fields • Were given protection, plots of land to cultivate for themselves Serfdom • Most peasants on farm were serfs, tied to manor • Not slaves; could not be sold away from manor • But could not leave, or marry without lord’s permission Free People • Manors had some free people who rented land from lord • Others included landowning peasants, skilled workers like blacksmiths, millers • Also had a priest for spiritual needs

Section 3 The Early Middle Ages A Typical Manor • Most of manor’s land occupied by fields for crops, pastures for animals • Middle Ages farmers learned that leaving field empty for year improved soil • In time, practice developed into three-field crop rotation system Rotation • One field planted in spring for fall harvest • Another field planted in winter for spring harvest • Third field remained unplanted for year Small Village • Each manor included fortified house for noble family, village for peasants, serfs • Goal to make manor selfsufficient • Typical manor also included church, mill, blacksmith

The Early Middle Ages Section 3

Section 3 The Early Middle Ages Analyze How did lords and peasants benefit from the manorial system? Answer(s): lords' farmlands were taken care of, produced food; peasants were provided protection from invaders

The Early Middle Ages Section 3 Daily Life in the Middle Ages Life in a Castle • Life in Middle Ages not easy, did not have comforts we have today • Early castles built for defense not comfort • Few windows, stuffy in summer, cold in winter, dark always Space • Nobles had to share space with others, including soldiers, servants • Private rooms very rare • Main room the hall, large room for dining, entertaining Bedrooms • In early castles, noble family bedrooms separated from main area by sheets • Later castles had separate bedrooms; latrines near bedrooms • Wooden bathtub outside in warm weather, inside near fireplace in winter

Section 3 The Early Middle Ages Life in a Village Despite discomforts, life in a castle was preferable to life in a village. The typical village family lived in a small wooden one-room house. The roof was made of straw, the floor of dirt, and the furniture of rough wood. Open holes in the walls served as windows. Bedrooms Meals • Most families slept on beds of straw on floor • Peasant families cooked meals over open fire in middle of floor • All shared one room with each other, animals • Typical meal: brown bread, cheese, vegetables, occasionally meat • Most glad to have animals to provide extra heat in cold winters • No chimneys, house often full of smoke; fires common The family rose before dawn. Men went to work in the fields; women did chores. During harvest, the entire family worked in the field all day.

Section 3 The Early Middle Ages REVIEW Let’s see how much you remember! 1) Everyone owed loyalty to the ____ 2) _______ were really the most powerful. They got _______ from the king. 3) Lesser nobles (knights) gave _________ in return for land 4) _______ were bound to the land. They worked in return for ______. 5) _____ were skilled workers. They paid rent to the ______ and were free to move if they wanted to.

The Early Middle Ages Section 3 Check Your Answers 1) Everyone owed loyalty to the king. 2) Nobles were really the most powerful. They got land from the king. 3) Lesser nobles (knights) gave military service in return for land. 4) Serfs were bound to the land. They worked in return for protection. 5) Freemen were skilled workers. They paid rent to the nobles and were free to move if they wanted to.

Section 3 The Early Middle Ages THE END S HI TO ES RY T NO