The Early Cold War IDs Berlin Airlift Containment
The Early Cold War: ID’s : • Berlin Airlift • Containment
The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] GOAL spread worldwide Communism HOW THE WAR WAS FOUGHT: US & the Western Democracies GOAL “Containment” of Communism & collapse of Communist world. « Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] « Nuclear Arms Race « Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples « “Proxy Wars” « Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
The “Iron Curtain” An “iron curtain” divided the Communist East and the Democratic West -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
Truman Doctrine [1947] 1. Greece & Turkey under pressure of Communist takeover by the USSR 2. The U. S. should support free people who try to resist takeovers 3. The U. S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid.
Marshall Plan [1948] 1. “European Recovery Program. ” 2. The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. 3. $12. 5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].
Post-War Germany Stalin refused to give up “his” portion of Germany
Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948 -49) • Stalin blockaded Berlin • Allies flew in supplies every 3 minutes • Fuel, Food, Candy, Presents
The Arms Race: A “Missile Gap? ” } The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949. } Now there were two nuclear superpowers!
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) Alliance formed to stop the spread of Communism v United States v Luxemburg v Belgium v Netherlands v Britain v Norway v Canada v Portugal v Denmark v 1952: Greece & v France v Iceland v Italy Turkey v 1955: West Germany v 1983: Spain
Warsaw Pact (1955) Alliance formed in response to NATO alliance } } U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia } } East Germany Hungary Poland Rumania
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