THE EARLY COLD WAR APWH Best End of
THE EARLY COLD WAR APWH Best
End of World War II Visions of a Postwar World Germany? Eastern Europe? Satellite States “Iron Curtain” East Asia? Japan Korea United Nations
Post-World War II Europe “Iron Curtain”
Competing Ideologies USSR & EASTERN EUROPE Command economy Dictatorship Warsaw Pact Comintern Gain global influence Acquire natural resources U. S. & WESTERN EUROPE Capitalism (free market) Democracy NATO Containment Gain global influence Acquire natural resources
Expansion of the Cold War Arms Race Brinkmanship Space Race Sputnik I (1957) Global Containment Eisenhower Doctrine Decolonization Proxy Wars Latin America Africa
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to keep East Berliners from fleeing to West Berlin. The wall fell in 1989.
Cold War as a Global “War”
East Asia Chinese Revolution 1949 Mao Zedong People’s Republic of China U. S. refuses to acknowledge Communist China Korean War (1950 -1953) Korea remains divided near the 38 th parallel Japan
Southeast Asia Vietnam War Ho Chi Minh led Viet Minh defeats France in 1954 Fearing spread of Communism the U. S. supports South Vietnam North Vietnam, with help from Viet Cong, defeats U. S. and unifies Vietnam in 1975 Cambodia Khmer Rouge Indonesia
Khmer Rouge
South Asia India Supporter of Non-Alignment movement Received aid from USSR Pakistan Received millions of dollars in economic & military aid due to its location Afghanistan Soviets invade 1975 Opposed by the mujahedeen
Middle East Turkey Truman Doctrine Iran Oil industry dominated by the West Mosaddegh attempted to nationalize oil industry in 1951 CIA overthrew Mosaddegh Shah ruler Egypt Reza Pahlavi made absolute
Africa The Congo Gained independence in 1960 Patrice Lumumba is first prime minister Belgium reoccupied parts of the Congo a week after independence Lumumba failed to get support from U. S. Lumumba went to Soviet Union for support C. I. A. helped stage a coup d'état Mobutu Civil Sese Seko War breaks out in Congo
Latin America U. S. attempted to overthrow countries that attempted to go Communist Cuban Revolution (1959) Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Nicaragua Resisted Sandinistas by supporting capitalist Contras Guatemala C. I. A. removed Jacobo Arbenz
End of the Cold War
End of the Cold War Destalinization Nikita Khrushchev Détente Strategic (SALT) Arms Limitation Talks First major nuclear arms treaty signed in 1972 President Nixon visits China in 1972 Helsinki Accords (1975) No political boundaries should be changed by military force Paved way for dialogue between U. S.
Mikhail Gorbachev Begins series of reforms in 1985 Glasnost Opened government to criticism Provokes criticism by minority nationalities (nationalism) Perestroika Free-market reforms Nuclear arms agreements with Ronald Reagan Russia’s 1 st free election (1990) First Mc. Donalds opened in Russia on January 31, 1990
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