The Dutch Revolt An uprising of the Spanish

The Dutch Revolt An uprising of the Spanish colonies in the Netherlands They felt the King of Spain was only helping the Spanish people and did not care about the needs of the Dutch

Philip II 1527 - ( 1556 – 1598 ) The Golden Age of Spain - late 1500 s - “century of Gold” King of Spain - Portugal - Netherlands - Southern Italy - the New World

Philip II Reigned 1556 - 1598 “King of Paper” “Most Catholic King” -- vs the Ottoman Turks Navel Battles in the Meditteranean Sea Victory at Lepanto!! 1571 -- vs the English Spanish Armada 1588 -- vs the Dutch!

Calvinism began to grow as the preferred religion in the territories, but Phillip refused to put a leader in place that was Calvinist.

The Dutch Revolt Late 1500 s!! Margaret of Parma - Daughter of Charles V - Regent of Netherlands 1559 + - Catholic but Tolerant - All of the Netherlands is officially Catholic; however, - Calvinism is expanding in the North - Religious Tensions Increasing - Bad harvest in ’ 66 Revolts began happening throughout the Dutch countryside.

The Dutch Revolt Late 1500 s!! Margaret of Parma - Daughter of Charles V - Regent of Netherlands 1559 + - Catholic and Tolerant - All of the Netherlands is officially Catholic; however, - Calvinism is expanding in the North - Religious Tensions Increasing - Bad harvest in ’ 66 - and then BAM! ICONOCLASM!!!

The Dutch Revolt Late 1500 s!! The Duke of Alba (Alva in Dutch) & the Council of Blood Sent to restore order in 1567 - 15, 000 -ish Arrested - 1000 –ish Executed - Executed 22 Nobles immediately Catholic Nobles for being too soft and tolerant of Calvinists

The Dutch Revolt William of Orange (Holland / Zeeland / Utrecht) William of Nassau William the Silent Large landowner 1533 – 1584 Started to lead raids against Alba In response Alba kidnapped his son Rebellion turned to all-out war as William organized an army and enlisted outside help (France and England)

William of Orange vs The Duke 1568 – 1579 Northern Dutch Protestants vs Spanish Catholic Soldiers of Alva

The Dutch Revolt 1567 -1567: Margaret of Parma Tensions Grow 1568 – 1576: North vs Spain ; William vs Alba 1579: Catholic AND Protestants vs Spain Union of Utrecht (’ 79) 1579 -1609: Spain wins back the lower countries- Back to North vs Spain 1609: Spain gets involved in to many other wars, loses to the Dutch- 12 Years Truce = United Provinces

Ending: • Commonly called the 80 years war – The first 50 was the battle between The Netherlands and Spain – The next 30 years was when they were tied up in the general 30 Years War • The first part of the war ended in the 12 Years Truce – The Netherlands is formally recognized as a country by outside powers – All hostilities between Spain and the Netherlands would cease for 12 years – Protestants were still not allowed to profess their religion in public or hold public office, but they were not actively persecuted. – Technically the Netherlands still “belonged” to Spain • Second part of the war ended with the Peace of Westphalia – Permanently seperated the Netherlands from Spain and created the Dutch Republic