The Disorders of the Lymphatic System Disorders of

The Disorders of the Lymphatic System

Disorders of the Lymphatic System ■ What are some disorders of the lymphatic system and how are they treated? 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 2

The Lymphatic System: Anaphylactic shock ◆What is it? The result of an antigen-antibody reaction that stimulates a massive secretion of histamine and causes everything (all cellular tissues) to swell ♦ Condition is serious and can be fatal ♦ 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 3

The Lymphatic System: Anaphylactic shock ◆ What happens to these body systems? ♦ Circulatory System: Drop in blood pressure ♦ Nervous system: Headache ♦ Digestive system • Stomach cramps • Vomiting ♦ Respiratory system: Breathing problems ♦ Integumentary system: Facial swelling 4

The Lymphatic System: Anaphylactic shock ◆Cause: ♦ ♦ ♦ Insect bites Injected drugs Foods ◆Treatment: ♦ Adrenaline or antihistamine to stop the swelling and reaction 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 5

The Lymphatic System: AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome It is caused by a Virus 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 6

The Lymphatic System: AIDS How is it diagnosed? ♦ Elisa Test • Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (AIDS antibody indicator) ♦ Western Blot Test • Blood Test ♦ Rapid Test • Test results in 20 minutes, using urine or blood 7

The Lymphatic System: AIDS What do these terms mean? ♦ HIV: human immunodeficiency virus ♦ ARC: AIDS related complex ♦ AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 8

The Lymphatic System: AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ■ Transmitted by breast milk, blood, vaginal secretion, penis secretion ■ Incubation period: 1 month to 12 years 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 9

Symptoms: The Lymphatic System: AIDS Prolonged fatigue ■ Persistent fevers or night sweats ■ Persistent, unexplained cough ■ Thick coating in throat or on tongue ■ Easy bruising, unexplained blooding ■ Appearance of purple lesions on mucous ■ Chronic diarrhea ■ Shortness of breath ■ Unexplained lymphadenopathy ■ 10

The Lymphatic System: Cancer What is cancer? ■ Cancer is a mutation of cells that turn into a tumor. Who gets cancer? ■ Everyone can get cancer, no one is immune 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 11

The Lymphatic System: Cancer Why is it included in the lymphatic system? ■ Cancer can be in all systems, but once in the lymphatic (immune) system it will spread to the rest of the body 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 12

The Lymphatic System: Hodgkin’s disease What is Hodgkin’s disease? A cancer of the lymph system What are the symptoms? Painless swelling of the lymph nodes 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 13

The Lymphatic System: Hodgkin’s disease How is it treated? Chemotherapy and radiation Who is most likely to develop Hodgkin’s disease? Men 20 -34 years old 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 14

Lymphatic System: Infectious Mononucleosis What is mononucleosis most often called? The kissing disease What causes it? It is a virus How is it treated? Treat the symptoms Bedrest, Tylenol for fever and pain 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 15

The Lymphatic System: Lupus erythematosus What is the classic symptom of lupus? Butterfly rash across the nose and cheeks What other symptoms might present? ■ Joint pain and swelling ■ Extreme tiredness 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 16

The Lymphatic System: Lupus erythematosus How is Lupus managed? Treatment depends on symptoms What is the prognosis? Prognosis is good, but disorder is chronic 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 17

The Lymphatic System: Lymphadenitis What is it? Lymph aden itis Inflammation of the lymph glands What are the symptoms? Redness and soreness of lymph nodes 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 18

The Lymphatic System: Lymphadenitis How is it treated? ■ Antibiotics to treat any infection ■ Analgesics (painkillers) to control pain ■ Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce inflammation ■ Cool compresses to reduce inflammation and pain. ■ Surgery may be needed to drain an abscess. 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 19

The Lymphatic System: Lymphedema What is it? Buildup of lymph fluid in the soft tissue What causes it? It can be caused by infections, cancer, radiation therapy, damaged vessels and Photo used with written permission by the damaged lymph nodes How is it treated? Exercise, compression devices, skin care, and 20 massage

The Lymphatic System: Scleroderma What is it? Causes the skin to get hard and makes it difficult to bend What causes it? ■ Abnormal immune or inflammatory activity ■ Like other rheumatic disorders, scleroderma is believed to be an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease is one in which the immune system, for unknown reasons, turns against one’s own body. 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 21

The Lymphatic System: Scleroderma What are some complications of scleroderma? ■ Unable to ben fingers ■ Organs not functioning properly ■ Skin looking abnormal How is it treated? Treated by issues occurring at any given time, there is no cure. 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 22

The Lymphatic System: Tonsillitis What is cause? Bacterial and viral infections Common cause is Streptococcus (strep) bacteria What are the symptoms? Sore throat Fever Swollen tonsils 2. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 23

The Lymphatic System: Tonsillitis What are the usual treatments? Antibiotic if caused by bacterial Treat symptoms if viral Why would you have your tonsils removed? Only remove if swelling causes: Trouble breathing Trouble eating Have recurring infection 24