The Digestive and Respiratory System Digestion is the

The Digestive and Respiratory System

Digestion: is the process of Breaking _____ food particles Down Absorbed into molecules small enough to be _____ & _______ by cells. used �These molecules (nutrients) are used Energy to produce _____ and is Repair ____ Growth necessary for _____& of cells. �Digestion

A little something to chew on �Heterotrophic nutrition: organisms which Obtain food from their environment _____ �Autotrophic nutrition: organisms that _______ make their own _______ food �Intracellular: the digestion of food ______ a cell (vacuole) inside �Extracellular: digestion ______ the outside cells but in specialized organs _____ fiber �Roughage: _____ or. Non-digestible ______ food that helps push food along proteins which speed the �Enzyme: _____ chemical reactions (catalyst)

A little something to chew on muscularcontractions ______ which push food along liquified food in the stomach �Chyme: _____ �Bile: produced in the _______ and breaks liver down fats �Emulsification: breaking down fats into Surface area fat droplets. Increases the ________ of fats �Villi: found in the _________ to Small intestine aid inn food absorption �Peristalsis:

The Inner you!

Meet the organs of the digestive team �Mouth: to break up food into smaller pieces using the Teeth ____, Tongue ____, Salivary glands and _________. �Esophagus: to _______ food to the pass stomach (no digestion here) protein digestion begins �Stomach: _______ here and food is changed to a liquid form. Most �Small intestine: absorption _______ digestions takes place here. Food ______ Villithe blood occurs through the oneinto cell thick _______.

�Large intestine: no digestion here! Only _______ Water absorption (feces made here) �Rectum: _____ undigested food Stores (feces) �Anus: ______ Eliminates undigested wastes.

Let’s add some extra players. The Accessory Organs �Salivary glands: produce ____ Saliva Enzymes that break down containing ______________(starches) Carbohydrates Bile �Liver: produces _____ which emulsifies _______. Fats Enzymes �Pancreas: produces ______ which break down food. �Gall Bladder: stores ____. Bile

Everything comes out in the end helps us build new Cells _______ and _____. Even if we are no longer Tissues growing, our bodies are in constant energythe repair need of ____. Food provides ____ that all organisms need to remain alive. In this way, our bodies are Stable instate maintained a ________ (homeostasis) �Food

Is there a doctor in the house? Sores in the digestive tract open ______ caused by excess ____. Acid �Diarrhea: too ____ water is absorbed Little Large _____ intestine in the _______ Much water is �Constipation: too _______ Large _____ intestine absorbed in the _______ �Appendicitis: _____ Infection of appendix Cell _____ division �Cancer: abnormal _____ and growth in any digestive organ. �Ulcers: * these disorders or diseases cause disruptions in the human digestion system and therefore interfere with the bodies homeostasis.

Just a quick thought… �What organelles in the cell has the same function as our digestive system? ◦ ______: in one celled Lysosome organisms these contain digestive enzymes Vacuole ◦ ______: within the cell these store food. They may fuse with a lysosome

Respiration: �Respiration: the process by which an Oxygen organism exchanges ______ (O 2) and _________ (CO 2) Carbon Dioxide with the environment

The Inner you!

Meet the respiratory team: Mucous cavity: lined with ciliated ____ membranes which ______, and Warm ____, Filter _______ Moisten the air Nasal �Pharynx: area in which the ____ cavity Oral and ____ cavity meet �Epiglottis: flap of tissue which prevents ____ from entering the ____ Food Trachea �Trachea: tube that conducts air between Pharynx Lung the _____ and the _______ and is kept open by rings. Cartilage of _______ �Bronchi: 2 major subdivisions of the ____. Trachea These also have rings of ______ and are lined with. Mucous Cartilage _____ membranes. �Nasal

�Bronchioles: branching subdivisions of the ____ Bronchi which are lined with ____ Mucous membranes and end with the _____ Alveoli (air sacs) �Alveoli: functional units for. Gas ______ Moist Thin are ____, exchange. They _______, and. Blood surrounded by _____ called capillaries(only 1 cell thick). vessels Muscle on the floor of the �Diaphragm: ____ chest cavity and helps in the process of _______. Breathing �Lung: surrounded by membranes called Spongy and ____. Pleura They are ____ composed of bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli.

A little something to inhale! Tissue which rings: an elastic ____ holds the _____, Trachea _______, Bronchi and ____ Bronchial _______ tubes open �Feedback mechanism: breathing rate is CO 2 regulated by the concentration of _______ CO 2 in the blood. When ______ concentration increases, the ______ Respiratory ____ center in the medulla of the brain is stimulated. Nerves from the respiratory center carry impulses to the ________ and Diaphragm Increasethat _____ the rate of chest muscles breathing. This _______ the CO 2 lowers increases concentration and _____ the O 2 concentration of the blood. Homeostasis This is an example of _______. �Cartilage

High amount of CO 2 Reduce the breathing rate Increase the breathing rate Low amount of CO 2

Is there a doctor in the house? �Asthma: an allergic response, characterized by constriction of the Bronchial tubes _______ making breathing difficult. Inflammation �Bronchitis: an ______ of the membrane of the bronchial tubes. (severe cough and difficult breathing) �Emphysema: a break down of the air sacs exhaling due to. Breath loss of elasticity. It results in shortness of ______ and difficulty Fluid _____. �Pneumonia: alveoli fill up with _____, preventing oxygen Cell exchange. (caused by bacteria or virus) �Lung cancer: uncontrolled ____

Just a quick thought… �What organelle in the cell has the same function as our respiratory system? ◦ ________: power Mitochondria houses of the cell. Energy is released from food here.