The Dictatorship Of Mao Zedong Maon Tsetung By
The Dictatorship Of Mao Zedong/ Maon Tse-tung By Jessica Avila and Leana Gianan
Biography of Mao � Born on December 26, 1893 � He was born Shaoshan, in the Hunan province to a peasant family. � He worked on his father’s farm after being expelled from school. � He didn’t get along with his father › Who already mapped out a future for him � He left his home to study in the capital city of Hunan, Changsha.
Warlords Take Over China The Qing Dynasty collapses � Early 1912 the Republic of China was established � › Sun Yatsen as president � Yuan Shikai hijacks the republican movement › Declared himself China’s president › Attempted to find his own dynasty before being forced down. � Lacking a strong government, warlords begin to take over › Various regional warlords fought one another for supremacy.
Mao Becomes A Communist � There were a number of foreign influences in Changsha � Radical students like Mao wanted to oust the provincial warlord who collaborated with foreigners. › Went to Peking to unsuccessfully lobby the government � On October 10, 1911, revolution broke out in Wuchang and quickly spread to other cities including Changsha.
Mao Becomes A Communist � In 1918, Mao graduates from Hunan First Normal School and attends Beijing University › Where he worked as an assistant librarian. � Came to know about communist leaders and became drawn to their ideas. � Read up on Marxism and was convinced that it should be the philosophical basis of the Chinese Revolution › It would also save China from poverty and backwardness.
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) � In 1921, Mao became one of the dozen who established the Chinese Communist Party. › Mao organized the branch in the Lin Changsha primary school, where he was principal. � The Comintern (Soviets) urges the CCP to join the Nationalists, or the Kuomintang. › Formed by Sun Yatsen � Soviets wanted to help the nationalists get rid of Western influence in China
The CCP and the Kuomintang � In 1922, the CCP entered an alliance with the Kuomintang. � The nationalist and communists would work together in order to end civil war between warlords and unify the country.
Chiang Kai-shek � After the death of Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek became the leader of the Nationalist party � Declared “world revolution” and wished to benefit himself of Russian aid. › But still he wanted to control his own “house” � Therefore he expelled most communists from responsibilities in the party in May 1926 � Mao left in October.
Split of Kuomintang and the CCP � In April 1927, the Peking authorities raided Russian premises and seized documents that revealed Moscow trying to overthrown Peking government. › There were also soviet links with the Chinese communists. � Chiang Kai-shek organizes massacres of members of the CCP
CCP Flees � In 1927, Mao led an uprising against Chiang Kai- shek’s nationalist forces but failed. › Led to him rebuilding his army in the Jinggang Mountains. � Chiang Kai-Shek led military campaigns against the Communists.
The Long March Kuomintang began a series of attacks against Mao in the mountains � Led to the Long March to Shaanxi province in 1934 - 1935 � › Nationalists continued to attack the communists during the year-long trek. � This would be a critical turning point in Mao’s life. › The CCP had survived › Because of Mao’s leadership, the Communists power had been cemented. � Mao was made chairman of the CCP
The CCP Grows � Many revolutionists, disgusted by Chiang’s Nationalist government, went to Yan’an to join the CCP. � Mao also redistributed land in the Yan’an area to the peasants. � He transformed his army into a force of peasant soldiers › Who when not fighting, farmed �Ensured self-sufficiency.
Mao Takes Over In July 1937, Japan launched a full-scale invasion of China. � Chiang Kai-shek was forced into an alliance with the Communists. � › There were still very little cooperation between the CCP and the Kuomintang While the CCP formed small units and waged guerilla warfare against the Japanese, Chiang withdrew to remote Chongqing. � By 1945, Mao won the support of peasants and Communist base areas had been established throughout the country. �
Mao Takes Over � Civil War erupted in October of 1945. › Chiang had ordered his forces to attack the communists. Kuomintang troops controlled the cities � But Mao controlled the country side � His mastery of guerilla tactics wore Chiang’s army down. � In less than 5 years, the Communists defeated the Kuomintang. � › Chiang and his remaining supporters were forced to flee to Taiwan.
The People’s Republic of China � October 1, 1949, Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PCR) � Mao realized that to build the nation, the cities had to lead and guide the countryside. � During 1949 – 1953, policies toward the cities focused on restoring order, rehabilitating economy, and above all, fix the disastrous inflation out of the urban economy.
Great Leap Forward � A program designed so China could “catch up” with the world’s leading economic powers. � Done through sheer force of its people’s will and without foreign aid. � Mao decided that China could become a major steel producer if citizens set up homemade furnaces in their backyards. › But much of the steel produced in the backyard furnaces were unusable. › Led to famine and death of million of Chinese
Solidifying His Power � After the Great Leap Forward, Mao was forced to step down for a while. › Party leaders sought to help China recover during this time by de-emphasizing political ideology and embracing practical strategies for economic development. � Mao never admits his mistakes in any of the ill- advised movements he initiated. › Instead he blames intellectuals for failing him.
Great Leap Forward � In response to the criticism he was facing, he issued the call: “Never Forget the Class struggle. � Over the next 3 years, he started a nationwide Socialist Movement. › Through which he successfully eliminated opponents in the party leadership.
Cultural Revolution � Darkest period in the history of the people’s republic of china � Mao launched mass movements › Became more radical › Believed party members betrayed communist doctrine › Chinas educated people believed more in the old ways than the new ways brought by the communists.
Cultural Revolution � The cultural movement was mainly pointed towards the teens and people in their twenties › “The red guard” › Red= communism › Purpose was to Guard communism � Appeared at rallies › greeted his supporters › Shouted slogans and praises › Fight capitalism and feudalism › “to rebel is justified”
Downside To Cultural Revolution � Destroyed a great deal of china’s heritage � Killed and persecuted a large number of Chinese citizens › “Counter revolutionaries” or “capitalist roaders” �Party members �Intellectuals �Government officials
“Ten Year Of Calamity” � Mao was praised with songs and dances � His sayings were recorded in “The Little Red Book” › Was carried everywhere by everyone and was quoted as many times deemed possible � Pictures of Mao were posted in every public building and household � Any type of disrespect towards Mao was punished by imprisonment or death be it intentional or not.
Jiang Qing � Was a former actress and art critic. › One of the most powerful public figures � Married Mao in 1939. › Had 2 daughters. She was responsible for presenting her family to the media and the members of the party’s leadership. � She recruited her own base of allies. � › Zhang Chun-qiao – the leader of the Communist party › Yao Wen-yuan - writer
Jiang Qing Believed that Chinese culture had been infected by ancient Chinese and Western influences. � She publicly denounced many of China’s most popular plays and movies, and replaced them with her own works. � › Which embodied the correct revolutionary ideals. Produced plays and operas to extol party line, and acted as the cultural advisor for the revolution. � Used the Red guards to attack many of her own political opponents. � › Red guards targeted Western clothing, music, and literature.
Question Analyze the methods used by a totalitarian regime to maintain power.
Jiang Qing � Jiang Qing › Former TV Actress › Very popular � Used her theatrical influence to change people’s minds about Mao. › Denounced popular plays and movies �Created her own works with the correct revolutionary ideals.
Red Guards � The youth groups � Maintained people’s beliefs � Destroyed everything that symbolized China’s past or incorrect thoughts. � Tortured those who didn’t respect in Mao and his beliefs.
Charm � Appeared at rallies › › greeted his supporters Shouted slogans and praises Fight capitalism and feudalism “to rebel is justified”
Bibliography � Anderson, Tim. "Mao Zedong. " Mao Zedong (2005): 1. Biography Reference Center. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. � "China". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 06 Jan. 2013 <http: //www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/111803/China/71844/Reconstruction-and-consolidation-1949 -52 >. � Frost, Bob. "Chairman Mao: Picture Of A Dictator. " Biography 2. 8 (1998): 88. Biography Reference Center. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. � Isaacs, Arnold R. "Mao Zedong. " World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. � Issitt, Micah L. "Jiang Qing. " Jiang Qing (2006): 1. Biography Reference Center. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. � Kondapalli, Srikanth. "Cultural Revolution: Cold War. " World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABCCLIO, 2013. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. � Liao, Yan, and Jianwei Wang. "Chapter 8: Founder Of The People's Republic Of China. " Famous People Of China (2006): N. PAG. Biography Reference Center. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. � Stuart Reynolds, Schram. "Mao Zedong. " Britannica Biographies (2012): 1. Biography Reference Center. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
- Slides: 29