THE DEFINITION OF RELIGION What is witchcraft WHAT

宗教的定義 THE DEFINITION OF RELIGION

什麼是巫術？ What is witchcraft? WHAT ‘S DIFFERENT BETWEEN RELIGION AND WITCHCRAFT? 巫術與宗教有分別嗎？

巫術 Witchcraft Witch: a woman who is supposed to have magic powers, especially to do bad things Witchcraft: the use of magic to make things happen

1. Edward Taylor Animism is a Religion. Animism is the belief that all things have a spirit or soul, including animals, plants, rivers, mountains, stars, the moon, and the sun. Each being is considered a spirit that can offer help or harm to humans. As such, spirits must either be worshiped or appeased in the existence of spirits separable from bodies.

2. 保羅田立克(Paul Tillich) Religion was used by people to account for or explain things that occurred in the world. It was important for religions to have the ability to explain why and for what reason things occurred in the world.

2. 保羅田立克(Paul Tillich) Faith is that which comes upon a person, deeply moving and taking hold of him or her. Faith as Ultimate Concern refers both to the act of faith and to the content of faith.

There are seven dimensions that Smart uses to define the characteristics of a religion: I. The Practical / Ritual Dimension II. The Narrative / Mythic Dimension III. The Experiential / Emotional Dimension IV. The Social / Institutional Dimension V. The Ethical / Legal Dimension VI. The Doctrinal / Philosophical Dimension VII. The Material Dimension

I. The Practical and Ritual Dimension Every tradition has some practices—for instance regular worship, preaching, prayers, and so on. They are often known as rituals. This practical and ritual dimension is especially important with faiths of a strongly sacramental kind, such as Eastern Orthodox Christianity with its long and elaborate service known as the Liturgy. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=f. HZtbna. Xu. Gk

It is the story side of religion. It is typical of all faiths to hand down vital stories: some about things to come at the end of time; some about great heroes and saints; some about great founders, such as Moses, the Buddha, Jesus, and Muhammad; some about assaults by the Evil One; some parables and edifying tales; some about the adventures of the gods; and so on. These stories often are called myths. The term may be a bit misleading, however there is no implication that a myth is false.

三、經驗與情感的向度 （Experiential and Emotional Dimension） 包括神秘經驗、皈依經驗、 出神經驗都可能激起個人的 畏懼感、罪惡感、內在的平 靜感與幸福感等情感或情緒。 Subjective, emotional side of religion such as dread, guilt, awe, mystery, devotion, liberation, ecstasy, inner peace, bliss.

四、社會與制度的向度 （Social and Institutional Dimension） 每一個宗教都由人組織起來，形成一個信仰的社群， 有稱為教會、僧伽或烏瑪（umma，穆斯林的團體）； 這些社群又會建立一些共同制度，如 對神職人員的管理制度（如：出家制度 ）；信徒的管理（如：入教規定）。 The Social Dimension consists of the formal organization, such as the Church / mosque / umma / Sangha; as well as other institutions; for instance the Salvation Army and Hamas. This is the dimension of "how the religion works in people's lives".

五、倫理的向度 (The Ethical / Legal Dimension) 行為的準則─這些準則通常結合宗教的信仰、世界觀 與價值觀，成為信仰團體中的規範。如佛教徒的五戒、 猶太教的十誡都是信徒生活的準則；伊斯蘭教的沙里 亞（shari’a）控制著信徒的日常生活，包括每天祈禱、 為窮人布施等道德要求。 Ethics concerns what is good and bad, how one should live. eg. , the ethic of love in Christianity; Covenantal ethic in Judaism. b. Law concerns what you must do and what will happen if you don't (rules and punishments). Eg. , Shari'a (Law): pray (5) times daily, give alms, four wives.

七、物質的向度（Material Dimension） 具有神聖的象徵意義的物體或地方，如十字架是基督 教拯救人類的象徵、麥加是伊斯蘭教教主被迫害的地 方，後來成為該教聖地，以記念教主。 This dimension contains all the physical creations of a religion, including buildings and ikons, art, instruments of ritual, etc. 　 All these objects or places symbolize or manifest the sacred or supernatural.