The Crusades Renaissance Social 8 Buzz Words Crusade

The Crusades Renaissance – Social 8

Buzz Words • • Crusade Palestine/The Holy Land Christian Muslim Renaissance – Social 8 2

The Crusades were a series of military conflicts based on religious beliefs, waged by much of Christian Europe during the period from 1095 – 1291 CE. Renaissance – Social 8 3

The land of Palestine, or the Holy Land, contains sites sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims. Ownership of this land is still heavily disputed today. Renaissance – Social 8 4

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The land was under Christian control for many centuries, but was taken over by the Turks (Muslims) in the middle of the seventh century. Renaissance – Social 8 6

The Crusades originally had the goal of recapturing Jerusalem and the sacred Holy Land from Muslim rule. They were initially launched in response to a call from the Eastern Orthodox Byzantine Empire to help stem the expansion of Turkish Muslims into the Middle East. Renaissance – Social 8 7

Think!!! • What connections can you make between the Crusades and what you learned about the importance of religion in the worldview of medieval Europe? Renaissance – Social 8 8

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Compare and Conclude!!! • Look at the map on the previous slide (or Figure 2 -3 on page 41), and compare it to Figure 2 -2 on page 40. • What conclusions can you draw about the Crusades that might have affected trade between Europe and the East? Renaissance – Social 8 10

The Holy Land Jews, Christians, and Muslims all considered these areas holy as that is where their religions had their roots. Judaism, Christianity and Islam all grew out of the same religious history. Renaissance – Social 8 11

Each group at the time believed that it was the correct religion. Christians believed that control of the Holy Land should be in Christian hands. Renaissance – Social 8 12

At the Council of Clermont in France, which met in November of 1095, Pope Urban II gathered with over 300 other religious leaders of the Roman Catholic Church to discuss the state of Christendom. Renaissance – Social 8 13

Pope Urban II issued a proclamation: From the confines of Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople a horrible tale has gone forth and very frequently has been brought to our ears: namely, that a race from the kingdom of the Persians, an accursed race, a race utterly alienated from God, a generation, forsooth, which has neither directed its heart nor entrusted its spirit to God, has invaded the lands of those Christians and has depopulated them by sword, pillage, and fire. . Renaissance – Social 8 14

The West must march to the defense of the East. All should go, rich and poor alike. The Franks must stop their internal wars and squabbles. Let them go instead against the infidel and fight a righteous war. God himself will lead you, for you will be doing His work. There will be absolution and remission of sins for all who die in the service of Christ. Here, you are poor and miserable sinners; there, you will be rich and happy. Let none hesitate; you must march next summer. God wills it! Deus vult! (God wills it) - Pope Urban II, Proclamation at Clermont, 1095 Renaissance – Social 8 15

In response to the Pope’s message, thousands of Christian people began a walk across Europe heading for the Holy Land. Nearly all of these people were wiped out. Renaissance – Social 8 16

The First Crusade 1096 -1099 Christian knights and Muslim warriors joined in the fight for the Holy Land, seeing this as their chance to guarantee themselves a place in heaven. Renaissance – Social 8 17

The First Crusade created a Christian kingdom in the Holy Land that lasted for about 100 years, until 1187, when the Muslims recaptured Jerusalem. Renaissance – Social 8 18

Other Crusades • Second Crusade 1147 -1149 • Third Crusade 1189 -1192 • Fourth Crusade 1202 -1204 Renaissance – Social 8 19

The Crusades inspired the most dedicated valor, the most bloodthirsty cruelty, and the greediest vandalism of medieval men. They offered the fullest opportunity for combined fulfillment of heroic aspirations and Christian ideals of brotherhood and self-sacrifice. Renaissance – Social 8 20

Two Key Results • Contact with Muslim civilization – Was more advanced than Europe at the time – New ideas in medicine, astronomy, philosophy, math and literature • Trade – Crusaders brought back many goods (oils, spices, fruit, etc. ) – This led to increased trade with the east Renaissance – Social 8 21

Take Home Points • The Crusades occurred over a period of two centuries from 1095 – 1291 CE. • Christian control of the Holy Land was short lived. Only the First Crusade met its stated objectives. • Entire armies travelled through the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) and met up with the Islamic world. Renaissance – Social 8 22

• Thousands of religious pilgrims also visited the holy sites during this time period. • All were exposed to a way of life very different from their own and became exposed to new ideas and knowledge. • Travelers returned home with new attitudes that led to new ways of thinking about their own lives and their own societies. Renaissance – Social 8 23