The Crusades n Preview Preview Describe Western Europe

The Crusades n Preview: Preview Describe Western Europe during the Middle Ages: –Trade? Too dangerous to trade Peasants & serfs farmed –Food? on the manor –Leadership? Weak kings & strong feudal lords –Language? Different languages –Religion? Different at 1 st but they became Christian

What was Europe like in the Early Middle Ages?

What were the Crusades & How did the Crusades Change Europe?

Middle Ages Crusades—Christians vs. Muslims for Control of Holy Lands

Crusades Map

Crusades n In 1095, Muslim Turks invaded lands held by Christians of the Byzantine Empire: Jerusalem & all of Asia Minor n Pope Urban II asked all Christians to join a Crusade (military expedition) & fight the Muslims to take back these holy lands

The Christian Crusades

Motivations for the Crusades n Pope’s Goals—wanted Goals to unite Roman Catholic (western Europe) & Eastern Orthodox (Byzantine Empire); show the supremacy of the Pope; & regain holy lands from Muslims n Crusaders’ Goals—pope offered Goals forgiveness for sins & access to Heaven; gain riches; support Church n Merchants’ Goals—gain control of Goals trade routes & dominate trade

Motivations for Crusades n Crusades became a religious, economic, & political conflict –Religious—defeat Muslims & Religious retake holy lands, spread Christianity –Economic—gain trade routes Economic –Political—unite Roman Catholic Political & Eastern Orthodox Christianity, prove Pope’s power

CHRISTIANS MUSLIMS History Channel’s “The Dark Ages”

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z-ni. Te. TY 7 pw n Begin video @ 5: 00 n Answer video questions on notes.

Fighting the Crusades n Between 50, 000 -60, 000 knights became Crusaders to defeat Muslims; came from present-day France, Italy, Germany, England, Scotland, Spain n First Crusade—was only successful Crusade; claimed 400 miles of land from Edessa to Jerusalem in 1099; created 4 feudal states (Edessa, Acre, Triploi, Jerusalem), each ruled by a French noble

Path of the Crusades

Fighting the Crusades n After the First Crusade, Muslims took back Jerusalem & Edessa, which led to more Crusades that the Muslims won n Fourth Crusade—crusaders never fought Muslims but fought Byzantines; looted & burned Constantinople; these actions forever divided Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Effects of the Crusades n Before the Crusades: –Everyone lived on a manor –Everything that was needed was made on the manor –Nothing was purchased from the outside except resources like salt & iron through fairs n So, now that the Crusaders have seen new places, how is this going to change Europe?

Effects of the Crusades n Cultural Diffusion—new Diffusion products & ideas spread to Europe: – Foods—sugar, spices, herbs Foods – Luxury Goods—ivory, pearls, silk, linen, Goods cotton, glass mirrors – Navigation—shipbuilding ideas, accurate Navigation maps, astrolabe, compass – Math—Arabic numbers, algebra Math – Science—ideas in physics, astronomy; Science telescope

Mapping Activity n. Locate on map: Constantinople, Edessa, Tripoli, Acre, Jerusalem, Venice, Rome, Islamic Empire, Byzantine Empire, Paris, Holy Roman Empire, Trace the First Crusade