The Crusades LESSON 2 The Early Crusades Byzantine
The Crusades LESSON 2
The Early Crusades • Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus • Needed help fighting the Muslim Seljuk Turks • Pope Urban II wanted to free Jerusalem and the Holy Land • "All who die. . . shall have immediate remission [forgiveness] of sins. " • First wave was mostly French
Why Fight? • Adventure • Religious fervor (intense and passionate feeling) • Gain wealth • Gain a title • New trade opportunities
1 st and 2 nd Waves • 1098 took Antioch • June 1099 Holy City was taken amid a horrible massacre • 4 Latin Crusader states • Godfrey – Kingdom of Jerusalem • Depended on Italian cities for supplies • Genoa, Pisa, Venice grew rich and powerful • 1149 one of the Kingdoms fell • King Louis VII (France) and Emperor Conrad III (Germany)
3 rd Crusade • 1187 Jerusalem fell to Saladin • German emperor Frederick Barbarossa • English king Richard I • French king Philip II Augustus
Disasters of the rd 3 Crusade • 1189 many disasters • Frederick drowned in a river • English and French captured coastal cities but could not move inland • Philip returned home • Richard negotiated a settlement that permitted Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem
4 th Crusade • 1193 (6 years after Saladin’s death) Pope Innocent III • 1204 Crusaders sacked Constantinople 1261 a Byzantine army will recapture the City • 1452 taken by the Ottoman Turks • • 1212 – German youth Nicholas of Cologne God inspired him to lead a “children’s crusade” • Thousands of young people went to Italy and were told to go home by the pope • 20, 000 went to Marseille who were given ships that landed in N. Africa and the kids were sold into slavery •
Results of the Crusades • Tensions between Jews and Christians worsened • Break down of Feudalism • Kings levied taxes and raised armies • Lords sold land freed serfs to participate in the Crusades • Spain, England, and France emerged as the leading powers in Europe
- Slides: 9