THE CRUSADES Global History Honors Spiconardi Reasons for

THE CRUSADES Global History Honors: Spiconardi

Reasons for the Crusades Pope wanted to increase his power Christians believed they could gain salvation (entry into Heaven) if they fought Control of Jerusalem Nobles saw land opportunities to start their own kingdoms Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression Adventure

Bernard of Clairvaux & the Second Crusade The First Crusade was moderately successful Historians believe this was due to infighting among Sunni and Shiite Muslims Latin states were established in Antioch, Edessa, and Jerusalem Muslims & Jews slaughtered Native Christians kicked In 1145, Edessa is recaptured by Muslims A call for a new crusade goes out No popular enthusiasm for a second crusade Pope Eugene commissions a monk, Bernard of Clairvaux, to preach the Second Crusade He is successful in recruiting kings to take arms, but…

Bernard of Clairvaux & the Second Crusade s i e d a s u r e C r u d l i n a o f c e S e h T e t e l p m o ac

The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192) Saladin United a great deal of the Muslim world under the practices of Sunni Islam (becomes sultan of Egypt and Syria) Well respected by Christians Seen as fair & chivalrous Often freed Christian prisoners Captures most Crusader cities in response to raids on Muslims by Raynald, a knight and Prince of Antioch

The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192) Siege of Jerusalem (1187) Saladin offers a peaceful surrender of the city Balian, the highest ranking lord in Jerusalem, is convinced by citizens to not surrender & fight back After 13 days of fighting, Balian surrenders & hands over keys of Jerusalem's citadel to Saladin The fall of Jerusalem inspires the Third Crusade

The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192) The Christians Richard The Lionheart, King of England Anti-Semitic Slaughtered 2700 Muslims at Acre Frederick of Barbarosa, Holy Roman Emperor Philip II, King of France

The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192) Outcome Richard becomes leader of crusade after Frederick’s death & Philip’s return to France Needed to return to England to deal w/his brother’s planned usurpation Negotiates a peace with Saladin that would allow Christian pilgrims safe passage to Jerusalem Once again, it was a failure for

The Children’s Crusade Thousands of children were set out to the Holy land with no arms. Believed God would give them Jerusalem Children die of cold, starvation or drowning Some were sold into slavery

Impact of the Crusades Despite being a failure for the Christians… Returning Trade crusaders inspire interest in the East increases = Cultural Diffusion Increase in religious intolerance New Religious Orders Founded Templars protect pilgrims traveling to Holy Land Hospitalers cared for sick pilgrims Kings power increases as Nobles’ power decreases Feudalism weakened Rent is paid instead of services provided

3… 2… 1 Identify 3 effects of the crusades Identify 2 causes of the crusades Identify 1 difference between the First Crusade and the Second & Third Crusades