THE CRUSADES A Quest for the Holy Land

THE CRUSADES A Quest for the Holy Land

Crusades • A long series or Wars between Christians and Muslims

They fought over control of Jerusalem which was called the Holy Land because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached and died.

Causes of the Crusades Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire Muslims stopped Christians from Visiting Holy Land Christian pilgrims were attacked Byzantine Empire feared attack on Constantinople

The Call to Arms • Pope Urban II called for the defeat of the Turks, returning the Holy Land to the Christians

Who Answered the Call? • Feudal Lords • Knights • Peasants

Why did a knight go on a crusade?

Why Go On Crusade? 1) To obey the Pope's call 2) To be forgiven for past sins. This was important for knights who had killed many people in battle

Why Go On Crusade? 3) To steal and kill. Kings encouraged violent knights to go on Crusade because it got them out of the country. 4) To see the world, have an adventure and prove their bravery.

Why Go On Crusade? 5) To get land overseas. This was tempting for a younger son who would not inherit his father's lands. 6) Serfs joined the Crusades because the Pope promised them their freedom if they went.

What do you need to go on a crusade? ? ?

The First Crusade (1096 -1099) • Peasant army – Untrained – Lacked military equipment – Many killed by Muslim Turks • Knights – Succeeded in capturing Jerusalem

Second Crusade (1147 -1149) • After victory many Christians went back home. • The Turks eventually took back much of the territory. • King of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks.

Second Crusade (1147 -1149) • Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to victory, defeating the Christians

Second Crusade (1147 -1149) • He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry.

Third Crusade (1189 -1192) • King Richard of England (the Lionheart) convinces the Turks to allow Christians to visit the Holy Land

Crusades Continue Through 1200’s • Several more crusades attempted with no victories for the Christians • Children’s crusade, - 30, 000 soldiers - many of them under 12 years old – Never made it to the Holy Land

Results of the Crusades • The Crusaders learned more about warfare – better castle design and gunpowder.

Results of the Crusades • Western Europeans learned that the Muslim world stretched to India and traded with China. The Crusades taught them that the world was much bigger than they had thought.

Results of the Crusades • Western Europeans learned about many things they had never seen before Eg. lemons, apricots, sugar, silk, cotton and spices used in cooking

Results of the Crusades • These goods were in great demand became very expensive, especially as the Muslims charged merchants high duties to pass through their lands. One of the reasons Christopher Columbus discovered America was because he tried to avoid these duties by sailing west to India.

Results of the Crusades • Muslim scholars taught European scholars many things about science and medicine. The number system they used (1, 2, 3, 4) was more straightforward than Roman numerals (I, III, IV) and made calculations easier to do. We still use this system today.

Results of the Crusades • Not all the Crusaders went home after fighting the Muslims.

Results of the Crusades • Many of them who went to the Holy Land liked it so much that they stayed and adopted a Middle Eastern way of life, including using bathhouses and soap.