THE CREATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS UN SECURITY

THE CREATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (UN) SECURITY COUNCIL KRISTINE MARGARET FAGERLUND

CONTENT 1) What is the UN Security Council? 2) UN Charter 3) HOW WAS IT POSSIBLE TO CREATE THIS PARTICULAR UN ORGAN? - Historical background - Lessons drawn from the League of Nations - Key-factors 4) Conclusion 5) Final thoughts

WHAT IS THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL? • One out of six principal organs of the UN • Established 24 October 1945 • Primary responsibility: Ensure international peace and security

UN CHARTER • CHAPTER 5: - ARTICLE 23: 15 MEMBER-STATES, 5 PERMANENT MEMBERS - ARTICLE 27: THE YALTA VOTING FORMULA - ARTICLE 25: MEMBERS ARE OBLIGED TO ACCEPT AND CARRY OUT DECISIONS OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL • CHAPTER 7: - Power to authorize military actions

HOW WAS IT POSSIBLE TO CREATE THIS PARTICULAR UN ORGAN? • Lessons drawn from the League of Nations • Planning before the Second World War ended, important key-players and a more globalized world • Conclusion • Final thoughts • But first. .

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND • Moscow Conference, October, 1943 • Dumbarton Oaks Conference, 21 August 1944 – 7 October 1944 • San Francisco Conference, 1945

HOW WAS IT POSSIBLE TO CREATE THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL? • LESSONS DRAWN FROM THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS - LACK OF: 1) CLEAR OBLIGATIONS 2) MILITARY POWER 3) NEW PROCEDURES 4) AN UNIVERSAL BODY

LACK OF: 1) CLEAR OBLIGATIONS • Member states never obliged to take strong actions 2) MILITARY POWER • The League of Nations did not control forces of its own

3) NEW PROCEDURES • Meditation and arbitration laid the basis for the Covenant of the League of Nations 4) AN UNIVERSAL BODY • US never a member • Colonies did not have any impact

HOW WAS IT POSSIBLE TO CREATE THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL? • OTHER KEY-FACTORS: - PLANNING BEFORE THE WAR ENDED - IMPORTANT KEY-PLAYERS - MORE GLOBALIZED WORLD

• PLANNING BEFORE THE WAR ENDED ”Those who want peace, it is said, prepare for war. Those who are already at war prepare for peace”. - Evan Luard (1926 -1991)

• IMPORTANT KEY PLAYERS “Britain, Russia, China and the US and their allies represent more than three-quarters of the total population of the earth. As long as these four nations with great military power stick together in determination to keep the peace there will be no possibility of an aggressor nation arising to start another world war. ” - Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882 -1945)

• MORE GLOBALIZED WORLD - The international society becoming increasingly intertwined and connected, resulting in interdependence

CONCLUSION • UN Security Council is a significantly better version than its predecessor • Boldest attempt to institutionalize collective security • HOW WAS IT POSSIBLE TO CREATE THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL? • Lessons drawn from the League of Nations • Timing, the role of key-players and a more globalized world

FINAL THOUGHTS • In the wake of wars and other major global crisis, states seem to increase their emphasis on cooperation rather than isolation • COVID-19: Meet the post-crises challenges together through multilateral cooperation

REFERENCES: Books and journals: • Luard, Evan. A History of the United Nations Volume 1 The Years of Western Domination 1945 -1955 , Hong Kong: THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD, 1982. • Luck, Edward C. , UN Security Council Practice and Promise, London: Routledge, 2006. • Von Einsiedel, Sebastian and Malone, M. David. “Security Council. ” The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (2 nd edn) (2018). • Wilcox, Francis O. , “The Yalta Voting Formula. ” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 39 No. 5 (1945) p. 943 -956. Website pages: • United Nations. A, ”History of the United Nations”. Retrieved 25 March 2020 from: https: //outreach. un. org/mun/content/history-united-nations • United Nations. B, “ 1944 -1945: The Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta”. Retrieved 26 March 2020 from: https: //www. un. org/en/sections/history-united-nations-charter/1944 -1945 -dumbarton-oaks-and-yalta/index. html • United Nations. C, ” 1945: The San Fransisco Conference”. Retrieved 25 March 2020 from: https: //www. un. org/en/sections/history-united-nations-charter/1945 -sanfrancisco-conference/ Pictures: • • • League of Nations symbol: https: //favpng. com/png_view/league-of-nations-symbols-world-war-ii-league-of-nations-history-png/7 R 8 n. Bc. DK Security Council: https: //thegeopolitics. com/why-are-there-only-5 -permanent-seats-on-the-un-security-council/ Franklin D. Roosevelt: https: //de. wikipedia. org/wiki/Franklin_D. _Roosevelt Globalized world: https: //www. google. com/url? sa=i&url=http%3 A%2 F%2 Findonesiamengglobal. com%2 F 2013%2 F 11%2 Fgrowing-up-in-a-globalizedworld%2 F&psig=AOv. Vaw 35 p. BIFmpql. S 31 wtk 8 BEvf. W&ust=1588615093331000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0 CA 0 Qjhxq. Fwo. TCPi 1 vceim. Ok. CFQAAAAAd. AAAAABAD United Nations symbol: https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/United_Nations

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