The Cray 1 Computer Internet Research When we

The Cray #1 Computer Internet Research

When we hear Cray, we think of…

We should think of… n Seymour Cray (1925 -1996) n n n n electrical engineer WW II veteran founded Control Data Corporation in 1957 designed and built the CDC 6600 in 1965 designed and built the Cray #1 in 1976 founded Cray Research (1972) founded Cray Computer Corporation (1983)

Prior to Cray #1 n CDC 6600 (1965) “First Supercomputer” n n n Take a peak: http: //www. nersc. gov/~deboni/Computer. history/cdc_6600. html RISC architecture 400, 000 transistors CPU could handle 60 -bit words Memory: 2 MB, one 60 -bit word per 0. 1 microsecond User Interface: CRT

CDC 6600 n n 1 instruction per 100 nanoseconds 10 function units Instruction buffer could hold FFT code up to 20 peripheral processors n n n I/O functions quirk: job time – 5 octal digits … 9. 1 hours http: //ed-thelen. org/comp-hist/CDC-6600 -R -M. html

CDC 7600 n n n CDC 7600… 4 times faster, due to pipelining http: //www. cbi. umn. edu/exhibits/cray/c ray 7600. html Cray left CDC in 1972 to start Cray Research.

Cray #1 n n n Clock Speed: 80 MHz 150 MFLOPS GRAPE: 1 Tera. FLOP Memory: 8 MB 1976 -installed at Los Alamos (8. 6 million dollars) http: //home. iae. nl/users/mhx/fl ops. html

More specs… Cray #1 n n 200, 000 specialized IC’s Circular C shape n n easy to interconnect components of computer No wire could be longer than 4 feet.

Cray #1 Uses n n Aircraft Design (A Cray “pays for itself”) Weather Modeling Nuclear Simulations Code-breaking

Cray #1 Registers n n n V Registers – for vector processing (vector add/subtract) S Registers – for scalar processing T Registers – intermediate storage for scalar operations. A Registers -- for loop counting, I/O control, 8 24 -bit registers Let’s look at the manual! http: //ed-thelen. org/comp-hist/CRAY-1 Hard. Ref. Man/CRAY-1 -HRM. html

This sucka gets hot! n n n Ya need Freon, baby! Cray pioneered the use of Freon to cool his supercomputers. http: //research. microsoft. com/users/gb ell/craytalk/sld 062. htm

The End Cray #2: http: //research. microsoft. com/users/gb ell/craytalk/sld 067. htm n Cray MP n Anyone want a GRAPE? http: //grape. c. utokyo. ac. jp/~makino/grape 4. html n

References n n n http: //www. thocp. net/hardware/cray_1. htm http: //www. cgl. ucsf. edu/home/tef/cray/obit. h tml http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/CDC_6600 http: //ed-thelen. org/comp-hist/vs-cdc 6600. html#Architecture http: //www. nasm. si. edu/research/dsh/artifact s/GC-CRAY 1. htm http: //www. thocp. net/hardware/cray_1. htm