The Convention on Longrange Transboundary Air Pollution and
The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and the Network of Experts on Benefits and Economic Instruments (NEBEI) Henning Wuester Secretariat of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe http: //www. unece. org/env/lrtap (for information on the Convention) http: //www. unece. org/env/nebei (for NEBEI)
The 49 Parties to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution Kara Sea Barents Sea Artic Ocean Canada Iceland Pacific Ocean United States Finland North Sea Atlantic Ocean Norway Sweden Russian Federation Estonia Latvia Lithuania Denmark Ireland Belarus United Kingdom Netherlands Belgium Germany Luxembourg Poland Slovakia Austria Atlantic Ocean France Switzerland LI Monaco Ukraine Czech Rep. Hungary Moldova Slovenia Romania Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina Yugoslavia Bulgaria Italy Kazakhstan Aral Sea Black Sea F. Y. R. of Albania Macedonia Spain Greece Portugal Turkey Malta Mediterranean Sea Cyprus Caspian Sea Azerbaijan Armenia Uzbekistan Georgia Turkmenistan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan
The main priorities under the Convention 1. Implementation of and compliance with protocols in force: 1. 1985 and 1994 Sulphur Protocols 2. 1988 NOx Protocol 3. 1991 VOC Protocol 2. Review and extension of protocols: 1. 1998 POPs and Heavy Metals Protocol 2. 1999 Gothenburg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone
Intergovernmental bodies, expert groups and scientific centres under the Convention
The multi-pollutant, multi-effect approach of the Gothenburg Protocol extended by PM Primary PM PM pollution Covered by benefit assessment
Effects included in the assessment made before the Gothenburg Protocol ØHealth (aerosols, ozone, SO 2) Acute, chronic - mortality and morbidity ØMaterials SO 2 / acid effects on utilitarian buildings ØCrops/Forests v Direct effects of SO 2 and O 3 on crop yield v Indirect SO 2 and O 3 effects on livestock v N deposition as fertilizer v Acidification/liming v O 3 effects on timber production ØVisibility Change in amenity ØEcological damage - missing
The Gothenburg Protocol review 1. The review will commence the review in 2004 (dependant on entry into force in 2003) 2. Re-examine acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone damage 3. Use 2015 and 2020 as target years (to be reevaluated in the light of data quality and uncertainty) 4. Cover PM and its health impacts 5. Take into account hemispheric air pollution and, possibly, synergies with climate change policies
Economic assessment of air pollution abatement benefits remains a high priority area of work
- Slides: 8