The context What does developed vs developing country

The context �What does developed vs. developing country mean (LEDC, MEDC) ? �More Economically Developed Countries [MEDCs] have high levels of economic development compared with Less Economically Developed Countries [LEDCs].

Why are some countries more developed than others. �Geography, resources, human rights, governance?

The challenges that face the global community �Inequality, debt/poverty, civil war, shortages of world resources, climate change, health/ diseases (HIV, Malaria) �There is a responsibility on governments, charities and individuals to ensure human rights are protected. �Global community and the interconnectedness of the UK to the rest of the world Globalization process that involves the widening and deepening and speeding up and growing impact of worldwide interconnectedness. It’s a multi faced phenomenon

Answer these questions � What is LEDC, MEDC � What is our global responsibility? � The _______________ divide separates developed from _____________ countries. The explanations for this divide have as much to do with ____________ as they do with _______ geography. Many MEDC’s had c_______ in LEDC’s and there are still ________ imposed on world __________. This means the development gap is getting ________. North-south developing physical colonies political history trade restrictions

Ways of changing the current system? � Aid � Trade � Support � Advice

Types of Aid �Humanitarian Aid- emergencies �Aid from non governmental organisation- Aid from a charity �Development Aid- long term projects �Bilateral Aid -Bilateral means "two sides". This type of aid is from one country to another (mainly tied/conditional aid) eg from UK �Multilateral Aid -Multilateral means "many sides". World Health Organisation (WHO) World Banks

Which is which �Haiti’s earthquake= �Building of bridges and dams and hospitals= �Given from one country= �Raised money given for specific projects= �Given by many countries=

Humanitarian aid �Sent quickly in response to an emergency in order to save lives �Emergency aid �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Glny 4 j. Sci. VI

PROS AND CONS Pro �Sent quickly �Emergency aid in times of disaster saves lives. �Aid helps livelihoods and rebuild housing after a disaster. Con �people become to dependant on it and one day it just stops when they feel the emergency is over �Eg- Ethiopia- wheat sent when people starving but free food drove farmers out of business and this reduced their self sufficiency.

Aid from non government organisation (NGO) � Given by charities such as Oxfam, save the children � Find out what is needed in advance � Make poverty history: (Bono, Geldof) UK alliance of more than 500 charities and trade unions, campaigners and celebrities. 2005 - key message: trade justice, drop the debt, more and better aid. White band Click advert- watch- every 3 seconds a someone dying from extreme poverty. Pressure on G 8 leader Over the years 289 million http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Eih_yb. Kd. VXU&feature=related � Live 8 - pressure on G 8 leader about INEQUALITES BETWEEN RICH AND POOR Geldof Play tracks from Live 8 What achieve? � Critics- making poverty history or about making entertainment history. � Charities, NGOSs

PROS AND CONS �Pros Find out what is needed before- goes on specific projects Not necessarily going through the government so avoiding corruption but through local organisations Effects are evaluated Free not to be repaid- avoid cycle of debt. �Cons Not a structured amount to rely on BUT then not dependant in the same way Aid not always coordinated Can be used to persuade own agenda- like converting to a certain religion.

Developmental Aid �Designed to fund longer term projects that aim to help people improve their quality of life

Pros and Cons � Pro Helping people build their own wells, schools, health centres Building skills Helps improve lives longer term and build up their community Save time collecting water every day which can be used on jobs, education Works best when use countries resources, labour, and supported with education and training � Cons On some projects- unsustainable and bring few benefits if do not use countries resources. Sometimes projects do not benefit smaller farmers and projects are often large scale. Infrastructure projects may end up benefiting employers more than employees. It may be a condition of the investment that the projects are run by foreign companies or that a proportion of the resources or profits will be sent abroad. Some development projects may lead to food and water costing more

Example The 3 Gorges Dam project This is an example of a large scale development project designed to: Create more jobs Allow large ships to navigate the river and reach Chungong Create thousands of jobs Develop new towns and farms Provide 10% of China’s electricity through HEP Increase tourism along the river Protect precious farmland from flooding However it also has a number of disadvantages: Over 150 towns and 4500 thousand villages will be flooded displacing people from their homes � 1. 3 million people will be forced to move � The river landscape will be forever changed � The lake which will be created could become very polluted from industrial waste � � � � �NOW YOU READ ASDAN DAM AND LIST THE PRO AND CONS

Bilateral Aid �Given by the government of one country directly to another.

Pros and Cons Pros � Boosts industry � Quick and effective � Sent directly to the government who can then decide how to use it. Cons � The money may not go to the right things � The government may be corrupt � Aid may be in the form of machinery or means that aren't useful. � Debt

Multilateral Aid � Given from a fund to which several rich countries contribute � EU � World Bank- 186 member countries, the World Bank is a source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries. It can provide loans and grants for a wide array of purposes that include investments in education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector development, agriculture and environmental and natural resource management. � International Monetary Fund (IMF) promote global monetary cooperation, financial stability, international trade, employment and sustainable economic growth.

Programmes Structural adjustment programme- Conditionality on market liberalisation. Problems -focused too much on the economics, without a sufficient understanding of the social, the political, the environmental, and the cultural aspects of society. Good governance- new condition to aid Then more country ownership- comprehensive framework (1999) States draw up business plans in consultation with WB/IMF and civil society org.

Pros �More likely to meet the needs of the LEDC �Longer term development projects �Conditions on aid can be used to put political or economic pressure on the receiving country. �Same as other general benefits of Aid

Cons �Less likely to promote the needs of the LEDC �All these schemes were giving aid with conditions which were not working Loan conditions not met and WB/IMF would suddenly halter aid- means innocent suffered. �Debt-loan needed to be repaid- resulting in huge debts- which are huge burdens on LEDCs Nigeria borrowed 3 Billion and has since paid back 9 billion but interest repayments meant still owes 18 billion �Aid goes to government they may not give to people- Corruption stops the aid reaching people who need it.