The Congress of Vienna 1814 1815 Congress of

The Congress of Vienna 1814 -1815

Congress of Vienna 1814 -1815 • Concerned about the spread of nationalism and ideas of the Rights of Man spread by the French Revolution, the victor nations met to discuss the future of Europe • * Monarchs wished to keep hold of the power!

Congress of Vienna 1814 -1815 • European heads of state and monarchs meet to: – Contain France – Balance the power – Keep the monarchs in place legitimately

Five “Great Powers” Meet: • • • Prussia - Frederick Willhelm III Russia - Czar Alexander Austria - Klemens von Metternich Great Britain - Lord Castleraugh France – Tallyrand

Five “Great Powers” Meet: • They sign a pledge of mutual protection and a pledge to prevent future revolutionary ideas…. it is called The Holy Alliance And it will hold until World War I

Europe 1815

Klemens von Metternich • Influential Austrian foreign minister • Distrusted democracy • Plan to restore Europe to what it was before the Fr Rev and Napoleon

Metternich “When France sneezes, Europe catches a cold!” What does this mean?

Klemens von Metternich • Wants European rulers to – Suppress any future revolutionary mov’ts quickly – Ensure power lies with legitimate and traditional rulers – Control the population through the press and strict laws – * In France, the monarchy was restored. King Louis XVIII was installed! So much for those revolutionary ideas!

Metternich’s 3 Goals • Contain France – surround with stronger countries • Balance of Power – weaken France, but not too severely – no one country too powerful • Legitimacy – former monarchs restored

Concert of Europe Alliance system Nations would help each other if revolutions broke out

Conservatives or Royalists or Reactionary • They are a political faction and they want to preserve the status quo Liberals or Nationalists • They are a political faction and they want to promote social change and individual freedoms. They want to preserve civil rights of citizens. This includes ethnic groups which is also a nationality. Some people even believed each ethnic group should have its own gov’t

Which group would fall under which category? Conservatives Middle class Nobles City workers Nationalists vs. Liberals

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Congress of Vienna? a. New political map of Europe b. Increase in the power of Napoleon c. New political philosophies d. Restoration of European monarchies

Legitimacy- the principal that states that rulers who have been driven from the throne should be restored to power

France - Louis XVIII - returned to the throne of France I do love legitimacy!

What were the political philosophies that the Congress of Vienna was determined to crush?

These ideas of nationalism and liberalism spread The American and French Revolutions had a profound impact on Latin American independence movements

Congress of Vienna tries to prevent the spread of Revolutionary/Nationalistic ideas

There were failed revolutions popping up everywhere Spain 1823 – The Holy Alliance crushed that revolution

There were failed revolutions popping up everywhere France (again!) 1848 – brief success as The Second Empire then crushed and monarchy restored under Emperor Napoleon III sometimes referred to as Louis-Napoleon. (nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte)

There were failed revolutions popping up everywhere Italy – crushed Hungary - crushed

The Congress of Vienna and the Holy Alliance was successful in keeping the status quo or balance of power in Europe until World War I in 1914

Hello there! Now that you know all about the three goals that Metternich had at the Congress of Vienna, we are going to play a game!

Believed national groups should have their own states People who have a common heritage and identify belong together Intolerant of other ethnic groups So, which -ism describes all of these ideas?

I will tell you a problem in Europe under Napoleon, and you can tell me how Metternich helped solve the problem!

I, Napoleon, brought a problem to Europe. I overthrew all the kings, and placed my own family members on the throne!

The original monarchs are put back in office!

I also made another mistake. I was very power-hungry and my fellow French citizens had strong feelings of Nationalism. Many surrounding countries saw this as a threat!

Made countries around France that were once weaker…. Stronger!

Another problem of mine was that France was looked at as a threat to other countries. They were always afraid I would go and conquer them, and when I did, I had ALL the power!

No country in Europe could easily overpower another!

One more review item: Which one of the following political philosophies did NOT play a role in the Congress of Vienna? a. Liberalism b. Conservatism c. Fascism d. nationalism

Thank you for playing! I hope you had a FANTASTIC time!