THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPED DEVELOPING AND INDUSTRIAL

THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT.

DEVELOPED, DEVELOPING AND INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES. In terms of development geography – its when a low-tech society changes to a more modern one. And an increase in incomes. After the 2 nd world war many countries developed, but not all. How countries used their natural resources to increase their wealth. Developed countries = are richer, more industrial, better educated work mainly in the industrial and service sector. They enjoy a good quality of life because of various services. Most developed countries are situated in the northern hemisphere.

Developing countries are the opposite Unable to use resources efficiently Small industrial sectors. Low national income and populations with lower standard of living.

Some countries increase industrialization lead to rapid growth. No longer classified as developing but not yet developed country status It created a third category of the industrialized country China, Brazil – many people moved from the rural areas to the cities. Quality of life improved as their incomes raised.

MORE ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. AND LESS ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. MEDC LEDC Use resources efficiently. Often have high levels of poverty. Highly industrialized Have weak and sometimes inefficient services. High standard of living. Good services. Manufacture and export on the global market. Have stable governments and can donate to other countries. Export raw materials. Import manufactured goods. Receive financial aid from MEDC.

ACT 1 PAGE 188 COMPARE MEDC AND LEDC

CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT.

1. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT This focuses on the economic growth of development. Which country is the richest? What is the GDP for the country? Does the country earn more from the goods it sells than it spends on goofs that it buys? Is the economy based on agriculture or industry?

2. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Economics only paints one picture. A more people centred approach includes social factors. Is wealth shared evenly amongst the population? Does everyone have equal access to services such as electricity and running water? Do all children attend school?

3. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. Balances current needs and consumption of resources Standard of living increases the basic needs and wants increases. These needs and wants then impacts the environment. Certain questions was then asked concerning. Deforestation Desertification CO 2 emissions Overfishing

SCALE OF DEVELOPMENT> Different scales from global to continental, national, regional and local levels. Global scale would be the “developed North” and “developing south” These are general terms with pockets of the opposite in each. Example South Africa.

MACRO SCALE DEVELOPMENT MICRO SCALE DEVELOPMENT LARGE SCALE SMALL SCALE. United nations Changes will affect the individual on a local level. GOV, NGO and NPO’s get involved on this level.

SPATIAL ASPECT OF DEVELOPMENT Where the actual place of development occurs is known as spatial aspect of development. Micro information can easily be lost on a macro map showing information.

INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT

1. ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT. Economic indicators measures the wealth in the country Countries are compared to on the GDP and GNP GDP – Total Value of all goods within the year

GNP – Value of GDP plus income earned by its citizens and corporations overseas. ’ GDP per capita. The gross GDP divided by the amount of people in the country. GDP per capita allows us to compare. However people earn much lower and much lesser.

SOCIAL INDICATORS Indicators that tells us about the welfare of the population. Education level, access to health care, services (water and electricity) HDI – Human Development Index compare quality of life in different countries. Literacy, life expectancy, and GDP per capita. Values closer to one indicate high levels and values closer to zero indicate low levels. Where income is high HDI tends to be high

GINI-COEFFICIENT is a social indicator that looks at the distribution of wealth. It ranges between 0 and 1 If wealth is equally distributed all people earn the same. This would = and zero GINI-COEFFICIENT The higher the value the further away from equal it is.

DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS. Gives us specific information about the population of a country. Life expectancy, birth rates etc. which are link to development. People will live longer in areas where there is good nutrition, health care and education. Japan High life expectancy +/- 85 Angola low life expectancy +/- 39 Canada’s mortality rate is 4. 92 Afghanistan mortality rate is 149. 2

ACT 2 PAGE 192

DIFFERENCES IN DEVELOPMENT. 1. LOCAL 2. REGIONAL 3. GLOBAL

LOCAL DIFFERENCES Occur between small areas such as suburbs and schools. Differences that occurs in the communities Does everyone have equal access to health care? How many people make use of public transport? How many residents attend university?

2. REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN DEVELOPMENT Exists between areas in the same country. Check table and pie chart on page 197

3. GLOBAL DIFFERENCES IN DEVELOPMENT. Differences exist because different countries have different natural resources, population size and different priorities. Large GDP does not need that the citizens are wealthy. Some countries focus on wealth where others focus on social welfare.

Act 4 page 198.