The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment at the Future
The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment at the Future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) Peter Senger Outline: FAIR: future center for nuclear and hadron physics in Europe Compressed Baryonic Matter: physics and observables Technical challenges, time lines. . .
The FAIR layout SIS 100 Tm SIS 300 Tm U: 35 AGe. V p: 90 Ge. V Key features: Generation of intense, high-quality secondary beams of rare isotopes and antiprotons. Two rings: simultaneous beams. Cooled antiproton beams up to 15 Ge. V: Charmonium Spectroscopy, Search for glueballs and hybrids, Hypernuclear physics, . . . Ion and Laser Induced Plasmas: High Energy Density in Matter Compressed Baryonic Matter Structure of Nuclei far from Stability
States of strongly interacting matter baryons Compression + hadrons heating partons = quark-gluon plasma (pion production) Neutron stars Early universe
Exploring the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter CERN-SPS, RHIC, LHC: high temperature, low baryon density GSI SIS 300: moderate temperature, high baryon density
Mapping QCD end phase diagram Thethe critical point with heavy-ion collisions Ejiri et al. Fodor-Katz CBM physics: exploring the high density region of the QCD phase diagram. 1 st o Cross over Mesondominated matter rder trans ition Dense baryondominated matter Search for • restoration of chiral symmetry • partonic matter at large μB • critical endpoint
Fundamental questions: Equation-of-state at high densities: supernova dynamics, stability of neutron stars In-medium hadron properties: chiral symmetry restoration, origin of hadron masses? deconfinement B 3 -8 0 , T 130 Me. V
Diagnostic probes
CBM physics topics and observables 1. In-medium modifications of hadrons onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high B measure: , , e+eopen charm (D mesons) 2. Strangeness in matter (strange matter? ) enhanced strangeness production ? measure: K, , 3. Indications for deconfinement at high B anomalous charmonium suppression ? measure: J/ , D softening of EOS measure flow excitation function 4. Critical point event-by-event fluctuations 5. Color superconductivity precursor effects ?
Looking into the fireball … n p p ++ K e+ e… using penetrating probes: short-lived vector mesons decaying into electron-positron pairs
Invariant mass of electron-positron pairs from Pb+Au at 40 AGe. V CERES Collaboration S. Damjanovic and K. Filimonov, nucl-ex/0109017 ≈185 pairs!
Experimental situation : Strangeness production Experimental situation : Strangeness enhancement ? in central Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions New results from NA 49 SIS 100 300 Statistical hadron gas model P. Braun-Munzinger et al. Nucl. Phys. A 697 (2002) 902 (CERN Courier Oct. 2003) SIS 100 300
J/ experiments: a count rate estimate 10 50 120 210 Elab [Ge. V] central collisions 25 AGe. V Au+Au J/ multiplicity beam intensity interactions central collisions J/ rate 6% J/ e+e- ( + -) spill fraction acceptance J/ measured 1. 5· 10 -5 1· 109/s 1· 107/s (1%) 1· 106/s 15/s 0. 9/s 0. 8 0. 25 0. 17/s 1· 105/week 158 AGe. V Pb+Pb 1· 10 -3 2· 107/s 2· 106/s (10%) 2· 105/s 200/s 12/s 0. 25 0. 1 0. 3/s 1. 8· 105/week
Charmed mesons D meson production in p. N collisions Some hadronic decay modes D (c = 317 m): D+ K 0 + (2. 9 0. 26%) D+ K- + + (9 0. 6%) D 0 (c = 124. 4 m): D 0 K- + (3. 9 0. 09%) D 0 K- + + - (7. 6 0. 4%) Measure displaced vertex with resolution of 30 μm !
Experimental challenges Central Au+Au collision at 25 AGe. V: URQMD + GEANT 4 160 p 400 + 44 K+ 13 K- 107 Au+Au reactions/sec (beam intensities up to 109 ions/sec, 1 % interaction target) determination of (displaced) vertices with high resolution ( 30 m) identification of electrons and hadrons
The CBM Experiment Radiation hard Silicon pixel/strip detectors in a magnetic dipole field Electron detectors: RICH & TRD & ECAL: pion suppression up to 105 Hadron identification: RPC, RICH Measurement of photons, π0, η, and muons: electromagn. calorimeter (ECAL) High speed data acquisition and trigger system
CBM Collaboration : 39 institutions, 14 countries Croatia: RBI, Zagreb Hungaria: Russia: KFKI Budapest CKBM, St. Petersburg Eötvös Univ. Budapest IHEP Protvino Cyprus: INR Troitzk Nikosia Univ. Korea: ITEP Moscow Korea Univ. Seoul KRI, St. Petersburg Czech Republic: Pusan National Univ. Kurchatov Inst. , Moscow Czech Acad. Science, Rez LHE, JINR Dubna Techn. Univ. Prague Norway: LPP, JINR Dubna Univ. Bergen LIT, JINR Dubna France: Obninsk State Univ. IRe. S Strasbourg Poland: PNPI Gatchina Krakow Univ. SINP, Moscow State Univ. Germany: Warsaw Univ. St. Petersburg Polytec. U. Univ. Heidelberg, Phys. Inst. Silesia Univ. Katowice Univ. HD, Kirchhoff Inst. Spain: Univ. Frankfurt Portugal: Santiago de Compostela Univ. Mannheim LIP Coimbra Univ. Marburg Ukraine: Romania: Univ. Münster Shevshenko Univ. , Kiev NIPNE Bucharest FZ Rossendorf Univ. of Kharkov GSI Darmstadt
FAIR milestones FAIR cost (M€) Total: 675 Buildings: 225. 5 SIS 100: SIS 200: Coll. Ring: NESR: HESR: e-ring: Beamlines: Cryo, etc: 70. 1 39. 6 45. 0 40. 0 45. 0 15. 0 21. 0 44. 1 SFRS: CBM: AP: Plasma phys. : p-linac: PANDA: pbar targ. : 40. 7 27. 0 8. 7 8. 0 10. 0 28. 4 6. 9 Oct. 2001 : Submission of the Conceptual Design Report Nov. 2002: Positive evaluation report of the German science council Feb. 2003: Project approved by the German federal government (170 M€ foreign contributions requested) Jan. 2004: Letters of intent submitted Feb. 2004: 1. Meeting of Internat. Steering Committee (12 nations) June 2004: Evaluation of the LOI, s by PACs Jan 2005: Submission of Technical Reports
Concept for staged Construction of FAIR 2005 General Planning I TDM# 2006 2007 2008 SIS 18 Upgrade 70 MW Connection Proton-Linac 2009 2010 Civil Construction 1 2013 2014 SIS 100/200 Tunnel, SIS Injection+Extraction+Transfer Buildings/Line Super-FRS, Auxiliary Bldgs. , Transfer Tunnel to SIS 18, Building APT, Super-FRS, CR-Complex RIB High+Low Energy Branch, Civil Construction 2 III 2012 2, 7 x 1011 /s 238 U 28+ (200 Me. V/u) 5 x 1012 protons per puls SIS 100 Transfer Line SIS 18 -SIS 100 High Energy Beam Lines II 2011 RIB Prod. -Target, Super-FRS RIB High+Low Energy Branch Antiproton Prod. -Target CR-Complex 1 x 1011/s 238 U 28+ (0. 4 -2. 7 Ge. V/u) ->RIB (50% duty cycle) 2. 5 x 1013 p (1 -30 Ge. V) 3 -30 Ge. V pbar->fixed target 10. 7 Ge. V/u 238 U -> HADES* Civil Construction 3 CBM-Cave, Pbar-Cave, Reinjection SIS 100 HESR & 4 MV e- –Cooling NESR IV Civil Construction 4 SIS 200* 8 MV e- –Cooling e-A Collider V #Construction Tunnel Drilling Machine Civil Construction HESR ( ground level), NESR, AP-cave, e-A Collider, PP-cave 1 x 1012/s 238 U 28+ 100% duty cycle pbar cooled p (1 -90 Ge. V) 35 Ge. V/u 238 U 92+ NESR physics plasma physics Civil Construction Production and Installation Experiment Potential *SIS 200 installation during SIS 100 shut down
Design of a Silicon Pixel detector Silicon Tracking System: 7 planar layers of pixels/strips. Vertex tracking by two first pixel layers at 5 cm and 10 cm downstream target Design goals: • low materal budget: d < 200 μm • single hit resolution < 20 μm • radiation hard (dose 1015 neq/cm 2) • fast read out Roadmap: R&D on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) • pitch 20 μm • thickness below 100 μm • single hit resolution : 3 μm • Problem: radiation hardness and readout speed Fallback solution: Hybrid detectors MIMOSA IV IRe. S / LEPSI Strasbourg
Experimental conditions Hit rates for 107 minimum bias Au+Au collisions at 25 AGe. V: Rates of > 10 k. Hz/cm 2 in large part of detectors ! main thrust of our detector design studies
Design of a high rate RPC Design goals: • Time resolution ≤ 80 ps • High rate capability up to 25 k. Hz/cm 2 • Efficiency > 95 % • Large area 150 m 2 • Long term stability Prototype test: detector with plastic electrodes (resistivity 109 Ohm cm. ) P. Fonte, Coimbra
“Trajectories” (3 fluid hydro) Ivanov & Toneev Hadron gas EOS Calculations reproduce freeze-out conditions 30 AGe. V trajectory close to the critical endpoint
Mapping the QCD phase diagram with heavy-ion collisions P. Braun-Munzinger C. R. Allton et al, hep-lat 0305007 SIS 300 B 6 0 B 0. 3 0 baryon density: B 4 ( m. T/2 )3/2 x [exp(( B-m)/T) - exp((- B-m)/T)] Lattice QCD : - antibaryons maximal baryon number density fluctuations at T baryons for = T ( 500 Me. V) C q C B
Design of a fast TRD Design goals: e/π discrimination of > 100 (p > 1 Ge. V/c) • High rate capability up to 150 k. Hz/cm 2 • Position resolution of about 200 μm • Large area ( 500 m 2, 9 layers) Roadmap: Outer part: ALICE TRD Inner part: • GEM/MICROMEGAS readout chambers • Straw tube TRT (ATLAS) • Fast read-out electronics
CBM R&D working packages Feasibility, Simulations GEANT 4: GSI , ω, e+e. Univ. Krakow JINR-LHE Dubna D Kπ(π) GSI Darmstadt, Czech Acad. Sci. , Rez Techn. Univ. Prague J/ψ e+e. INR Moscow Hadron ID Heidelberg Univ, Warsaw Univ. Kiev Univ. NIPNE Bucharest INR Moscow Tracking KIP Univ. Heidelberg Univ. Mannheim JINR-LHE Dubna Design & construction of detectors Silicon Pixel IRe. S Strasbourg Frankfurt Univ. , GSI Darmstadt, RBI Zagreb, Univ. Krakow Silicon Strip SINP Moscow State U. CKBM St. Petersburg KRI St. Petersburg RPC-TOF LIP Coimbra, Univ. Santiago de Com. , Univ. Heidelberg, GSI Darmstadt, Warsaw Univ. NIPNE Bucharest INR Moscow FZ Rossendorf IHEP Protvino ITEP Moscow Fast TRD JINR-LHE, Dubna GSI Darmstadt, Univ. Münster INFN Frascati Straw tubes JINR-LPP, Dubna FZ Rossendorf FZ Jülich Tech. Univ. Warsaw ECAL ITEP Moscow GSI Darmstadt Univ. Krakow RICH IHEP Protvino GSI Darmstadt Magnet JINR-LHE, Dubna GSI Darmstadt Data Acquis. , Analysis Trigger, DAQ KIP Univ. Heidelberg Univ. Mannheim GSI Darmstadt JINR-LIT, Dubna Univ. Bergen KFKI Budapest Silesia Univ. Katowice Univ. Warsaw Analysis GSI Darmstadt, Heidelberg Univ,
Mapping the QCD phase diagram with heavy-ion collisions P. Braun-Munzinger SIS 300 B 6 0 B 0. 3 0 Net baryon density: B 4 ( m. T/2 )3/2 x [exp(( B-m)/T) - exp((- B-m)/T)] baryons - antibaryons
- Slides: 28