The Colonies Northern New England New Hampshire Massachusetts

The Colonies • Northern (New England): New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut • Middle: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware • Southern: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Northern Colonies • Geography: Atlantic Coastline, thin rocky soil, some land for cattle • Economy: fishing, whaling, lumber, ship building, subsistence farming • People/Society: – Puritans- extremely religious but all still have a voice in town – Other Puritans left for religious freedom and separation of church and state (RI)

Middle Colonies • Geography: Fertile land for farming • Economy: Wheat is cash crop. – Other businesses: glass & pottery, grist mills produced flour • People/Society: Colonies supported religious freedom – Pennsylvania founded by William Penn

Southern Colonies • Geography: Farmland plantations, NC’s coastline made it difficult to settle • Economy: Tobacco, deer skin & rice (SC), plantation farming reliant on indentured servants and enslaved Africans • People and Society: Proprietary colony (VA), Religious tolerance to all Christians (MD), GA was a debtor’s colony

As a group: analyze the chart a) b) c) d) e) Each person writes their own response on the back of his/her chart What are the major similarities and differences between regions? Describe how geography influenced each region What are the pros/cons (positive/negatives) of having 3 distinct colonial regions? How do these distinct regions influence historical events? Describe regional differences that still exist today.

What caused Bacon’s Rebellion? • A land shortage began to develop in the 1670’s. • Indentured Servants and backcountry farmers wanted land of their own, but land that was left belonged to the Native Americans • Plantation owners opposed expansion because they did not want war with N. A. to destroy their plantations

What outcome did the rebellion have on Virginia? • The rebellion convinced many wealthy planters that land should be made available to the backcountry farmers- regardless of the impact on N. A. • Increased VA’s reliance on enslaved Africans instead of indentured servants – Enslaved workers did not have to be freed and therefore would never need their own land.

Describe the triangular trade. • Exchange of goods among the colonies, England, Caribbean sugar planters and Africa. • This system brought great wealth to merchants, who began to build factories. • Large cities developed and a class system also emerged with the merchants who controlled the trade at the top.

Discrimination in the colonies: Enslaved Africans & Jews • Enslaved Africans: Slave codes kept African captives from owning property, receiving and education, moving about freely or meeting in large groups. • Jews: Were allowed to worship freely, but could not vote or hold public office.

Discrimination in the colonies: Women • Women: Did not have equal rights. – Married women could not own legal property or make contracts or wills. – Husbands sole guardians of children – Single women and widows had more rights: • Own and manage property, file lawsuits and run businesses.