The Colonial Period 1607 1750 s Characteristics of

The Colonial Period: 1607 -1750 s Characteristics of English North America England: Prior to Expansion into North America • Key Turning Points • The Reformation divides Europe • The Reformation changes Europe • Economic changes in England

The Puritans and Separatists- The Debate Christian Access to God • Catholic & conservative Protestants: Traditions of Church • Puritans: Corruption of Church for centuries Goals of the Puritans- 1630 Boston- to purify the Church • Broke with traditions • Individual congregation- began with covenant, election of ministers • Conduct represented salvation • Knowledge of redemption Goals of the Separatists (Pilgrims, 1620 Plymouth Colony) • Questioned legitimacy of Church of England • Paul: “Come out among them and be separate. ”

Economic Model of Colonies: Mercantilism, Corporations, Capitalism • • Mercantilism Merchants: relationship with King Chartered Companies: Corporations Corporate Colonies: Ventures in Capitalism By 1732: Three distinct colonial governments • Royal • Proprietary • Corporate

Slow to Enter the “New World”… Early Explorations: • Queen Elizabeth • 1576 Martin Frobisher (3 ships) Beginnings: 1607 - (after Spanish and French) Reasons for English Colonization • Establish markets for their goods- wool • Access to raw materials • Growing rivalry with Spain (Privateers) • Social Crisis- economic needs/population influx • Religious: Spreading Protestantism • Economic inequality- Masterless men

English Explorations and the First Settlement Early Attempts • Gilbert and Raleigh- Elizabeth I/ charter – Two attempts that failed – Half-brother- named the land Virginia • Roanoke- Failure – First voyage 1585 – Second voyage in 1587 – Governor White: war in England – Empty houses and the letters “CRO”

The Coming of the English Emigrants • Lower ranks of society • 1600 s- indentured servants Land Liberty • Basis for liberty- control of land vote The Indigenous • English wanted land • Resentment towards English • Alcohol: common and disruptive • Landscape changes: fencing, new crops, livestock, depletion of forest

Settling the Chesapeake: Jamestown and Maryland Founding of Jamestown 1607 • Virginia Company • Early Troubles – The “Starving Time, ” 1609 -1610 • Finding new “settlers. ” • Uprising of 1622 • Tobacco: Cross-breed strains • King James and the “evil weed. ” Founding of Maryland 1632 • Proprietary colony of Cecilius Calvert (feudal domain) • Refuge for persecuted Catholics

The New England Way The Rise of Puritanism • Shaped early New England • Congregationalists Moral Liberty • John Winthrop • Rejection of natural liberty for moral liberty The Pilgrims at Plymouth • 1620 -private investors Netherlands • The Mayflower- Cape Cod • The Mayflower Compact – No women signed document The Great Migration • 1629 Massachusetts Bay Company (London Merchants) • 1642 21, 000 Puritans

New England Divided Dissenters in the Puritan World • Roger Williams (Rhode Island) • Puritans and the Indigenous • The Pequot War Economic and Social Inequality • The New England economy • The Merchant Elite • The Half-Way Covenant

The 13 Colonies New England: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Southern Colonies- Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, Georgia Middle Colonies- New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware

Distinctions of Southern Colonies Governance: Corporate, Royal, Proprietary • Plantation Elite Economy: Single crop economics • Tobacco & Rice Social Structure • Stratified. English Law • Plantations • Biracial society- Black and White • English traditions: viewpoints about politics, religion, economy Indigenous Communities • Bacon’s Rebellion- Several Causes • Scapegoat: Indigenous Religion • Anglican- minor role in politics and economy*

Distinctions of the New England Colonies Governance: Early years/ under control of Crown/ Central & Local Gov. • Religious leaders through small town meetings Economy: Family-run farms and household manufacturing • Craftsmen and Merchants Social System: Clustered settlements • Indentured Servants • Cultural traditions: Diverse culture, economic, political, social Religion: • Strictly Calvinist faith- dictated political, social, economic Indigenous Societies: Europeans used concept of “divide and rule” Pequot War and Metacomet’s War • 1676

Distinctions of the Middle Colonies Governance: Diverse settlement • Unchartered- Delaware • Democratic: Pennsylvania • Small town governments Economy: Dutch-strong commercial economy- Hudson River Valley Social System: Multicultural • Small towns encouraged country governments • Separatist ideologies Religion: • Religious tolerance Indigenous Societies: Iroquois League (1451)

Women in the Colonial Era Western Christianity and the Proper Place of Women • Original sin of Eve= untrustworthy • Proper place for women • Paul- “Women should keep silence in the churches. ” • Patriarchal hierarchical family= basic unit of English society Gendered English Law: • No vote or participate in politics • “English law made to fit”- standards of acceptable behavior in colonies • Feme Sole: single women • Feme Covert: “taking the identity of husband” John Winthrop and the “True Wife” VS. Brabbling Women • Subjection to religious and familial authority • Outspoken in public Anne Hutchinson & the charges of heresy • Questioned teachings, Claimed direct revelations • Banished 1638 Witches and Witch Hunts • Reflection of societal stresses • Salem, Massachusetts 1691 -1692