The Colonial Era Economic Political Social 1 Enslavement

The Colonial Era: Economic, Political, Social #1 Enslavement in the Colonies #2 The Enlightenment/The Religious Impulse #3 Imperial Rivalries: Spanish and French The Revolutionary Period, 1763 -1783 #4 Managing the Colonies: Economics #5 Motivations/Events

Growth of Colonial America 1700 -1770 • Provincial capitals • High-birth rate • Immigration Diversity of Population & Religion Poverty in the Colonies Consumer Revolution & Cities Decline of Indigenous Populations

#1 The Creation of the Slave Institution in the Colonies First Arrivals • 1560 s- Spanish • 1619 Virginia Shift in Landscape • English and Africans: Anti-Black stereotypes • 1640 s Virginia • Slave Laws: 1662, 1691 Virginia • Chattel Slavery • “From Cradle to Grave” • Slave Culture • Religious roles of Black women

#2: Change in Thought: To Be Enlightened The American Enlightenment • Influence of Europe: French, British • Scientific method of investigation- research and experimentation Reasons For Enlightenment • Religious wars of 17 th century • Criticism of social and political institutions • John Locke • Arminianism • Deism

To Be Awakened Religion in the 18 th Century • Sermons, treatises and copies of Christian Bible • Religious Revivals: Causes For… • Westward expansion, commercial development, rationalism • Lack of individual engagement • Worldwide Revival of religious fundamentalism • Rationalism and religious purity • Wahabbism- Middle East, Central Asia • Modern-day terrorism/state sponsored terrorism • Hasidic Jews • “Hell, Fire, and Brimstone…” • 1720 s- style of preaching • George Whitefield • Critics of the Great Awakening

#3: Imperial Rivalries: Spanish and French Empires Meet the Frontier Culture Clashes • War against the indigenous Spanish North America • Geography • Religious missions • Presidios • California: The Church and the Mission system- 1769 San Diego French Empire • Geography • Sugar plantations • Free Blacks in New Orleans War in The Upper Midwest- “the Middle Ground” • Ohio Valley: French, British, Indigenous Communities • Impact on Indigenous communities 6

The Seven Years’ War- 1754 -1763 (French and “Indian” War) Warfare for Imperial Domination • Europe, West Africa, Asia- colonial conflicts • Main conflict- 1756 -63 • Colonial Conflicts: British, French, trade, Ohio River Valley • War against the indigenous populations • Land Spirituality A World Transformed: British Victory • Reshaped landscape and balance of power • Treaty of Paris 1763 (Peace of Paris, 1763) Pontiac’s Rebellion • 3 Indigenous communities • General Amherst’s policies

Historical Snapshot: Mississippi in the 1700 s Historical Importance Treaty of Paris: Clause 1764 - British expansion Indigenous Populations River- Trade/ War/Enslavement Exploration of Mississippi River Cabeza de Vaca Hernando de Soto Rene de La Salle European Influence • Spanish- cotton shipments to Liverpool, England • French • American • African slaves 1719

#4 The Revolutionary Period, 1763 -1783 1. What is the Revolutionary Period? 2. British Attempts to Reign In Colonies 3. Beginnings of American Resistance 4. Taxation Without Representation

On the Road to the Revolution… English Administration of the Colonies • 17 th century- distraction/colonial policy • Oliver Cromwell and trade • Mercantile System • Navigation Acts • Dominion of New England • Glorious Revolution • Resistance to “Dominion” • Neighbors • Spanish America • New France • Louisiana

Colonial Wars European Rivalries • King William’s War • International Warfare- 18 th century • French/Indian War- Ohio River Valley • George Washington A World War • England vs. France • Significance of the Treaty of Paris • A New Empire • Pontiac’s Rebellion

Colonial Policies and Responses Greenville’s Colonial Policy • Imperial finances • “Spoiled Americans, ” and taxes • Molasses Act of 1733 • Sugar Act (American Revenue Act) • Currency Act of 1764 • The Stamp Act Charles Townshend • Townshend Acts • Revenue Act 1767 Ideological Response • The Boycott • True Whigs- 1764 -1765 • British army in colonies/Quartering Act • Sons of Liberty- Samuel Adams • Repeal of the Stamp Act

Boston in the 1770 s: A Catalyst for Change Boston Massacre • Lord North • British occupy Boston • 5 March 1770 - Agitators • Crispus Attucks • Aftermath • Significance The Boston Tea Party • Lord North & the East India Company • Committee of Correspondence • 16 December 1773 - 342 chests of tea • Significance Britain Responds • The Coercive Acts 1774 • Closure of Boston Harbor • New Quartering Act

Formation of the Continental Congress Background: • Thomas Jefferson, June 1, fasting prayer in Virginia • Raleigh Tavern • George Washington: “a cause of America” Continental Congress • 1774 to 1789 • Governing body of 13 colonies • First Continental Congress- Response to Coercive Acts • Second Continental Congress- after the American Revolutionary War (1775 -83) • 1776 - declared America's independence from Britain. • 1781 Congress ratified the first national constitution, the Articles of Confederation. • Articles of Confederation-1789, replaced by U. S. Constitution.