The Cold War 1945 1989 SS 5 H

The Cold War 1945 -1989 SS 5 H 7 The student will discuss the origins and consequences of the Cold War. a. Explain the origin and meaning of the term “Iron Curtain. ” b. Explain how the United States sought to stop the spread of communism through the Berlin airlift, the Korean War, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. c. Identify Joseph Mc. Carthy and Nikita Khrushchev.

Iron Curtain: A symbol of the differences between communist and noncommunist countries. • Soviet Union set up communist governments in much of Eastern Europe. • Western Europe stayed democratic.

Berlin Airlift In June 1948, the Soviets blocked off all the roads and railroads that led to West Berlin in hopes that the Allies would leave the city. To break the blockade US leaders along with the British flew food and supplies into the city. Berlin Wall Built in 1961 -Divided communist Eastern Berlin from noncommunist Western Berlin

Korean War : 1950 -1953 http: //americanhistory. si. edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/flash. ht ml South Korea: Republic supported by the United Nations North Korea: Communist supported by the Soviet Union After 3 years of fighting the two sides agreed to stop fighting. North & South Korea remain divided.

North American Treaty Organization • Founded: April 4, 1949 • The original countries included the United States, Canada, France, Great Britain, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg), Portugal, and Iceland. After a few years, Greece, Turkey, and West Germany joined. In 1954, the Soviet Union tried to join. The other members rejected their request. • Today there are 28 members in NATO. • The intent behind NATO was a military arrangement for mutual protection between various countries, both in Europe and North America. • http: //www. nato. int/cps/en/SID-6 C 27 C 666 B 3538030/natolive/what_is_nato. htm

Senator Joseph Mc. Carthy Throughout the 1940 s and 1950 s America was overwhelmed with concerns about the threat of communism growing in Eastern Europe and China. 1950 Red Scare • Mc. Carthy made a public accusation that more than two hundred “card-carrying” communists had infiltrated the United Mc. Carthyism: the paranoid States government. hunt for communist infiltrators based on slander, • Though eventually his accusations were proven to be untrue, and he was censured accusition, and innuendo. by the Senate for unbecoming conduct. • One of the most shameful moments in modern U. S. History.

Nikita Khrushchev • First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1953 -1964 • Believed communism would triumph over capitalism. • 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis • Ousted from his position in 1964