The Cold War 1945 1989 Early actions that

The Cold War 1945 - 1989

Early actions that led to a Cold War Mentality • Anti-Communist Allied intervention in Russia at the end of World War I. • Appeasement didn’t work with Hitler. • Nazi Germany invades The Soviet Union despite a treaty

Toward the end of World War II • The division of Germany into separate sectors of occupation. (With Berlin also divided, but deep inside the Russian Sector. ) • The Soviet Union agrees to attack the Japanese Army in Manchuria • America develops the Atomic Bomb and uses it on Japan. • Japanese surrender = End of World War II

Start of the Cold War 1946 • The Soviet Union takes control of Eastern Europe. • Iron Curtain Speech by Winston Churchill - "an "iron curtain" has descended on Europe”. • America continues public demonstration of atomic bomb.

The Cold War - Containment - 1947 • Truman Doctrine - an American foreign policy to counter Soviet expansion during the Cold War. Begins with a pledge to contain Communist threats in Greece and Turkey. • Marshall Plan - economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. • The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) begins as an intelligence gathering agency

The Cold War 1949 • NATO ratified – mutual defense treaty for Western Europe and North America • Russia tested its first atomic bomb. • Communist Mao Zedong takes control of China

The Cold War 1950 • Truman approved H-bomb development • Joe Mc. Carthy begins Communist witch hunt and loyalty tests • Korean War begins. Stalin supports North Korea who invade South Korea equipped with Soviet weapons

The Cold War 1951 - 1952 • Despite warnings, General Mac. Arthur drives North Korean troops to the Chinese border. This brings Communist China into the Korean War • Truman fires Mac. Arthur • Korean War begins. Stalin supports North Korea who invade South Korea equipped with Soviet weapons. • Great Britain develops its own atomic bomb.

The Cold War 1953 - 1954 • Korean War ends • KGB established • CIA helps overthrow unfriendly regimes in Iran and Guatemala • Vietnam split at 17 th parallel • Julius and Ethel Rosenburg executed for spying for Russia

The Cold War 1957 - 1958 • Vostok rocket launched 1 st ICBM • Sputnik launched into orbit • NASA began Mercury project using Atlas rocket

The Cold War 1959 - 1960 • Cuba taken over by Fidel Castro • A-bombs developed by France • Soviet Union reveals that an American U 2 spy plane was shot down over Soviet territory. The U. S. denies, spying, but when the USSR produces the pilot Eisenhower has to admit to it.

The Cold War 1960 - 1961 • John F. Kennedy elected President of USA • Cuba openly aligns itself with the Soviet Union and their policies. • Bay of Pigs invasion • Berlin border is closed • Construction of Berlin Wall begins

The Cold War 1962 - 1963 • U. S. involvement in Vietnam increases • Cuban Missile Crisis • Nuclear Test Ban Treaty ratified • President Kennedy assassinated in Dallas, Texas

The Cold War 1964 - 1965 • Gulf of Tonkin incident • A-bombs developed by China • U. S. Marines sent to Dominican Republic to fight Communism • Announcement of dispatching of 200, 000 U. S. troops to Vietnam • B-52 s Bomb North Vietnam

The Cold War 1967 - • The US Secretary of Defense Robert Mc. Namara admits that the US bombing raids had failed to meet their objectives • A-bombs developed by China • North Korea captured U. S. S. Pueblo • President Johnson does not run for the presidency and Richard Nixon Elected President of the USA • Soviet Red Army crush Czechoslovakian revolt

The Cold War 1967 - 1968 • The US Secretary of Defense Robert Mc. Namara admits that the US bombing raids had failed to meet their objectives • A-bombs developed by China • North Korea captured U. S. S. Pueblo • President Johnson does not run for the presidency and Richard Nixon Elected President of the USA • Soviet Red Army crush Czechoslovakian revolt

The Cold War 1969 - 1970 • Apollo 11 lands on the moon • President Nixon extends Vietnam War to Cambodia

The Cold War 1971 - 1972 • Publication of the Pentagon Papers • President Richard Nixon visits China • SALT I signed

The Cold War 1973 - 1974 • Cease fire in Vietnam between North Vietnam and United States • U. S. supported coup overthrows Chilean government • Egypt and Syria attack Israel; Egypt requests Soviet aid • President Nixon resigns

The Cold War 1975 - 1976 • North Vietnam defeats South Vietnam which falls to Communist forces • Soviet and Cuban forces help to install Communist government in Angola.

The Cold War 1979 • U. S. and China establish diplomatic relations. • SALT II signed • Shah of Iran overthrown • Iranian Hostage Crisis • Soviet forces invade Afghanistan

The Cold War 1980 • Polish shipyard workers strike Solidarity Union formed. Strike leader Lech Walesa is elected as the head of Solidarity

The Cold War 1983 • President Reagan proposes Strategic Defense Initiative • U. S. troops invades and overthrows regime in Grenada

The Cold War 1985 - 1986 • Mikhail Gorbachev becomes leader of the Soviet Union initiating a campaign of openness called "glasnost" and restructuring called "perestroika” • President Reagan and Gorbachev resolve to remove all intermediate nuclear missiles from Europe

The Cold War 1987 • Reagan gives speech in Germany “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall. ”

The Cold War 1989 Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan Poland becomes independent Hungary becomes independent Berlin Wall is demolished and East Germany allows unrestricted migration to West Germany • Communist governments fall in Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Rumania • •

The Cold War 1990 - 1991 • Lithuania becomes independent • Boris Yeltsin elected as President of Russia. • Germany reunited • End of Soviet Union and the Cold War End