The Cold War 1 Vocabulary 1 2 3

The Cold War 1

Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Capitalism – Economic competition; You get to keep what you earn; if you don’t earn anything its on you. Communism – Government makes sure everyone has what they need; government controls economy. Blockade – Military operation designed to block goods from going in or out of a country Guerilla War – War fought off of the battlefield; not conventional (normal) rules for battle. Proxy War – Countries, supported by opposing superpowers, fighting each other (typical of cold war) Superpower – The most powerful, large and important country or countries. Containment – Stopping the spread of something. 2

Basic Explanation of the Cold War ¢ The cold war was a competition between US and the USSR for power and influence in the world, characterized by military, political, and technological struggles. ¢ USA and USSR never directly fought each other in a physical war. ¢ Began in 1945 (with end of WWII) and lasted until 1991 (collapse of Soviet Union) 3

Cold War Origins ¢ ¢ ¢ After World War II ended, the Allies (Britain, France, Soviet Union and United States) had to rebuild Europe The two major powers with influence in Europe were The United States and the Soviet Union Each of them wanted different things for the future of Europe and the world 4

Different Goals United States wanted to… ¢ Encourage democracy ¢ Trade with Eastern Europe and spread capitalism ¢ Rebuild and reunite Germany; allowing a strong Germany to create a lasting peace Soviet Union wanted to… ¢ Encourage communism ¢ Use Eastern Europe to help rebuild Soviet economy ¢ Control Eastern Europe to balance US power over Western Europe ¢ Keep Germany divided and weak as a punishment for waging two wars against Soviets in 30 years 5

Germany After WWII ¢ ¢ ¢ Germany defeated in WWII Divided into 4 districts Each ally controlled a district 3 had democracy and freedoms like free speech (French, American, British) 1 had less freedom and communist system of economy (Soviet) Berlin (capitol of Germany) 6 was in Soviet District

Europe Divided ¢ ¢ Much like with Germany, All of Europe soon became divided over loyalty to the United States and our system of capitalism and democracy OR loyalty to the Soviet Union and communism. Eastern Europe – became dominated by Soviet political and economic Influence Western Europe – was mostly loyal to the United States, democracy and capitalism This division line of Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe was known as the “IRON CURTAIN” 7

The Iron Curtain 8

NATO vs. Warsaw Pact NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization. ¢ Founded by U. S. and U. S. allies in 1949 ¢ Purpose was to defend free countries from Soviet invasion/attack. ¢ West Germany (Allied districts) joined in 1955 ¢ Still exists today Warsaw Pact ¢ Founded by Soviet Union & their allies in 1955 ¢ Purpose was to defend members from USA ¢ Ended in 1991 with fall of Soviet Union 9

Two Superpowers ¢ ¢ ¢ The United States and the Soviet Union became the two most powerful nations in the world Known as “Superpowers” Until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 these two nations were always “battling” each other in different ways 10

Truman Doctrine ¢ ¢ Harry S. Truman became President when FDR died. In 1947 President Truman declared that Communism and the Soviet Union were a threat to the United States & world. He said that from then on the U. S. must intervene around the world to “contain” the communist threat Containment: not allowing communism to spread to any new countries. 11

Quick Quiz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Give a basic explanation of the Cold War. When did it start? End? Who were the two Superpowers after World War II? What did each want for Europe (3)? How was Germany divided after World War II? Give at least FOUR details. How was Europe Divided? Explain Eastern vs. Western loyalties. Explain the meaning of the “Iron Curtain” Tell me THREE things EACH about NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Explain the Truman Doctrine. FOUR facts. 12

Significant Cold War Events 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Chinese Civil War Berlin Blockade/Air Lift Korean War Mc. Carthyism Cuba and the Cold War Cuban Missile Crisis The Space Race Vietnam War The Cold War Relaxes (Détente and Salt) Cold War Ends 13

Chinese Civil War ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ 1946 -1950 Had begun before WII but stopped because China was fighting Japan. After WWII Chinese Civil War was between the Nationalists and Communists Nationalists supported by U. S. Communists supported by U. S. S. R. Nationalists lost and fled to Taiwan Communists won and found the People’s Republic of China, which Still exists today. 14

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Berlin Blockade/Air Lift ¢ ¢ ¢ June, 1948 – May, 1949 Berlin is capitol city of Germany and was located in Soviet district after WWII. Like the rest of Germany, the city was also divided into 4 districts after WWII East Berlin – controlled by U. S. S. R. West Berlin – The 3 Districts controlled by France, Britain and U. S. A. The Blockade: Soviet Union blocked food and supplies to West Berlin to tried and take over the whole city The Airlift: U. S. dropped food and supplies in by plane and eventually the blockade ended. l In 1961, Soviets built a wall separating East and West Berlin. The Berlin Wall was destroyed in 1990 and the city was unified again. 16

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Berlin Wall 18

Korean War June, 1950 - July, 1953 ¢ WWII had left Korea divided into North (Communist) and South (Capitalist) ¢ In 1950 the North attacked the South starting the Korean war ¢ U. S. supported South Korea ¢ China (Soviet Ally) supported North Korea ¢ By 1953, U. S. troops were able to repel North Korean troops and keep South Korea free from 19 communism ¢

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Mc. Carthyism Roughly 1950 -1956 ¢ Senator Joseph Mc. Carthy (R) Wisconsin ¢ Believed communists had infiltrated United States government & society ¢ Put people on trial in congress for having “communist ties” ¢ Often accused people of these ties with little evidence – Witch hunt. ¢ Caused a “red scare” or fear among Americans that communists and soviet spies were everywhere. 21 ¢

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Cuba & the Cold War ¢ ¢ ¢ Roughly 1956 -1962 Starting in 1956 rebel leader Fidel Castro began a guerilla war against U. S. backed dictator Fulgencio Batista Fidel Castro and the communists won this war in 1959 and Cuba welcomed assistance from the Soviet Union Communism was at America’s doorstep Bay of Pigs - invasion of Cuba ordered by President Kennedy in 1960 to get rid of Fidel Castro – it was NOT successful. 23

Cuban Missile Crisis October, 1962 ¢ Soviet Union put nuclear missiles into Cuba just 228 miles from Miami, Florida ¢ Closest USA and Soviets ever came to nuclear with each other ¢ President Kennedy (USA) and Nikita Khruschev (USSR) were able to find a secret compromise to end crisis ¢ Soviets removed missiles in exchange for U. S. promise to never invade Cuba and remove missiles 24 from Turkey within six months ¢

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The Space Race ¢ ¢ ¢ Roughly 1961 -1969 In 1961 Soviet radio said that the gov. there had launched the worlds first spaceship – Vostok U. S. was stunned and President Kennedy launched U. S. Space Program Goal was to get a man on the moon before the end of the 1960 s – and before the Soviets! U. S. put first man on moon July 20 th 1969 26

Vietnam War ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ Roughly 1950 -1973 After WWII, Vietnam was French colony; after France left, two different governments took over North Vietnam – Communist led by Ho Chi Minh South Vietnam – Anti-communist led by Ngo Dinh Diem U. S. Supported South in their fight against Northern gov. and communist guerilla warriors in South called Viet-Cong U. S. lost over 58, 000 servicemen trying to stop the spread of communism in South Vietnam – America had enough. U. S. troops withdrew in August of 1973. The Communist government of North Vietnam then beat the south and reunified Vietnam in 1976. 27

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The Cold War Relaxes 1972 -1991 ¢ The policy of détente was thought up by President Nixon and his Secretary or State Henry Kissinger ¢ Détente was about easing tension with the Soviet Union and China (the other major communist power) by agreeing to disagree on certain issues ¢ The Salt I and Salt II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) were both agreements on how many missiles the U. S. and U. S. S. R. would launch. ¢ Nixon Even Visited Communist China in 1972 ¢ 29

Nixon Visits China 30

Cold War Ends ¢ ¢ 1991 – Soviet Union fell apart 1992 – Cold War officially ends Many people ruled by the Soviet Union rebelled and demanded change – helped cause collapse. Boris Yeltsin (President of Russia) and George Bush (President of U. S. A. ) declared the end of the Cold War and a new era of “friendship and partnership” 31

Quick Quiz Explain FIVE facts about each of the following important Cold War events. 1. Chinese Civil War 2. Berlin Blockade/Air Lift 3. Korean War 4. Mc. Carthyism 5. Cuba and the Cold War 6. Cuban Missile Crisis 7. The Space Race 8. Vietnam War 9. The Cold War Relaxes (Détente and Salt) 10. Cold War Ends 32