THE COELOMYCETES PROF SYED QAISER ABBAS ExChairman Department

THE COELOMYCETES PROF. SYED QAISER ABBAS Ex-Chairman Department of Botany GC University, Faisalabad

THE COELOMYCETES n Fungi imperfecti or (Deuteromycotina) q having conidia and conidiogenous cells in cavity lined by: n n n fungal tissues; host tissues fungal tissues host tissues both The most important group causing diseases in; n n n Plants; Animals; and human beings.

THE COELOMYCETES n Fungi of Cosmopolitan Distribution q well known plant pathogens with wide host range n n n Macrophomina phaseolina, Lasiodiplodia undulata (=L. theobronae) Ascochyta pisi

Taxonomy in Historical Perspective q q Grove (1919) Initial Treatment; § Phyllosticta, Phomopsis and Phloeospora Grove (1935, 1937) § All fungi forming conidia in a cavity lined by fungal or fungal and host or only host tissues. Sutton (1962, 1963) § Application the concept of conidiogenesis for taxonomic treatment of Hyphomycetes of Hughes (1953) to Coelomycetes Kendrick (1979 a, 1979 b) § Refined taxonomic treatment based on the concept of conidiogenesis

Taxonomy in Historical Perspective n Alexopoulos & Mims (1979) q kingdom Myceteae n n n Gymnomycota Mastigomycota Amastigomycota: Achlorophyllous; absorptive nutrition; generally without flagella; cells have spindle fiber which functions during nuclear division instead of a centriole. q Amastigomycota § sub-Division Zygomycotina; § sub-Division Ascomycotina; § sub-Division Basidiomycotina; § sub-Division Deutromycotina.

Taxonomy in Historical Perspective n Division Deuteromycotina (an artificial taxon) q One class Deuteromycetes n n n Subclass Hyphomycetidae Subclass Aganomycetidae: Subclass Coelomycetidae q q n order Sphaeropsidales (Having pycnidial condiomata) order Melanconiales (having acervular condiomata) Sutton (1977, 1980) q Coelomycetes n n n order Sphaeropsidales (Having pycnidial condiomata) order Melanconiales (Having acervular condiomata) order Pycnothyriales (Having pycnothyrium conidiomata)

Class Deuteromycetes n -Form-subclass: Coelomycetidae (Coelomycetes) q Form-order: Sphaeropsidales (pycnidial) n n q Form-order: Pycnothyriales (Pycnothyrium) n q Form-family: Sphaeropsidaceae Form-family: Nectrioidaceae Form-family: Leptostromataceae Form-family: Discellaceae Form-family Pycnothyriacea From-order: Melanconiales (acervulus) n Form-family: Melanconiaceae

Class Deuteromycetes n Form-subclass: Hyphomycetidae (Hyphomycetes) q Form-order: Moniliales n n n Form-family: Moniliaceae (Hyaline conidia and conidiophore) Form-family: Dematiaceae (Coloured conidia and conidiophore) Form-family: Tuberculariaceae (Sporodochium) Form-family: Stilbellaceae (Synemma) Form-order: Agonomycetales (Mycelia Sterilia)

CONIDIOMATAL STRUCTURES (Six variants morphological types) q Phoma-type (Conidiomata Pycnidial, dark colored, leathery to carbonaceous, q Zythia (Nectria)-type (Conidiomata Pycnidial as in Phoma-type, but light q Leptostroma-type (Conidiomata shield-shaped) q Discella-type (Conidiomata more or less cup shaped) q q stromatic or non-stromatic pycnidia generally with a circular ostiole) colored, and sometimes waxy) Pycnothyrial Type (Conidiomata pycnothyrium) Eustomata Type (Conidiomata Eustomatic, Multilocular of complex structure of different shapes)

Current fungal Classification n (Before 1969, ) Three kingdom system concepts q q q n Prokaryotae Animalia Plantae Five kingdom system by Whittaker (1969) q q q Monera Protista Fungi Animalia Plantae

Current Status n Dick 1995: (Using Genetic engineering and by r. DNA finger printing methods) q q q Monera Protista Fungi Animalia plantae kingdom Straminipila

• Current Status q Alexopoulos et al (1995) Protista n n q q Phylum Plasmodiophoromycota, Phylum Dictyostleiomycota Phylum Acrasiomycota Phylum Myxomycota Monera Animalia plantae kingdom Fungi n n Phylum Chytridiomycota Phylum zygomycota Phylum Ascomycota Phylum Basidiomycota

Current Status q Alexopoulos et al (1995) Stramenopila. n n n Phylum Oomycota Phylum Hyphochytridiomycota Phylum Laburinthulomycota Diatoms Brown algae

Recent Position of Deuteromycetes n Alexopoulos et al (1995) q q n Second class members among “Perfect” sexually reproducing organism (Ascomycota). Not sub divided this artificial class into sub classes or in orders. Hawksworth et al (1995) q All asexually reproducing fungi as Mitosporic fungi and also not divided into orders and families.