The Civil War Union President Abe Lincoln Generals

The Civil War Union: President – Abe Lincoln Generals – Grant, Mc. Clellan, Sherman Confederacy: President – Jefferson Davis Generals – Lee, Jackson

Secession: 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16 th president v Soon after, South Carolina seceded from the Union v Six others followed: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and TEXAS v Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware and Maryland had slavery, but stayed in the United States v

Secession v Soon, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia joined the Confederate States of America

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First Shots: Ft. Sumter On April 12, the Rebel, or Confederate, troops fired the first shots on Yankee, or Union, troops stationed at Fort Sumter, South Carolina v The Civil War had begun! v Over the next four years, 600, 000 Americans would die v

Their Names v Name the 3 names for the South army: – Confederacy – Rebel – South v Name the 3 names for the North army: – Union – Yankees – North

Advantages Union Advantages Population = More Soldiers More Supplies Inspired by the loss of men War did not take place at their home Confederate Advantages Better General Better Knowledge of the Land Inspired to win

First Manassas/First Bull Run v v v July 21, 1861: The First Battle of Bull Run (Union name) or First Manassas (Southern name), fought just outside Washington D. C. Northerners took picnic lunches to a hill overlooking the battlefield, thinking the Union would win very quickly Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson led Confederate soldiers to drive back the Union troops and claimed victory

First Manassas v The Confederate troops could have kept on and captured Washington D. C. , but they stopped to celebrate the victory

The Anaconda Plan: The Union’s plan for winning the war 1. Blockade Southern Ports: cut off trade of cotton and delivery of supplies 2. Control the Mississippi River: this would cut the Confederacy in two (Texas and Louisiana would be cut off from everyone) 3. 4. Capture the capital of Richmond, VA: and force the government to surrender Squeeze and trap the Confederate army from the West and the North (see map)

Anaconda Plan to take over Confederacy v

Battle of Antietam (Maryland) Sept. 17, 1861, Confederate General Robert E. Lee wanted to cut off Washington D. C. from the rest of the Union v This was one of only 2 battles fought in North, and the bloodiest one day battle on the war v Neither side won, but Lee had to retreat to protect his supply lines down south v

Predict…. v What are your predictions for the following? Explain. – What will happen to/in the North? – What will happen to/in the South? – How will this war effect the economic/social/political/environmental future of the United States?

Emancipation Proclamation Early in 1863, in the middle of fighting, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation v This document freed the slaves v in the Confederacy v

Turning Point: Vicksburg v v Vicksburg, Mississippi was the major point in controlling the Mississippi River, very important for the Confederacy May 22, 1863: Union’s Gen. Grant laid siege to the city for months, but the Confederates wouldn’t give up The Rebel army were starving and forced to eat rats, and melted down everything to make bullets and cannonballs July 4, 1863: Confederates surrendered, and the Union controlled the Mississippi

The Confederate’s Alamo v Just like the Battle of the Alamo, the army at Vicksburg held off a bigger army, this time for more than a month

Turning Point: Gettysburg v v While Vicksburg was falling, Gen. Robert E. Lee wanted to attack the North in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Lee sent wave after wave of soldiers at the Union, but kept getting shot down 52, 000 men were killed over 3 days “The beginning of the end” for the Confederacy: they lost their best and brightest in Vicksburg and Gettysburg, and would never again attack the North

The fall of Atlanta v While fighting was going on in Virginia, Union general William T. Sherman marched through the state of Georgia and took over the biggest Confederate city, Atlanta v

Richmond, VA vs. Washington D. C. v v v In 1864, Union’s Grant and Confederate’s Lee fought fiercely, mostly in the 90 miles between these two capital cities After a year long siege of Virginia, Grant captured and burned Confederate capital of Richmond, VA (March, 1865) The Rebels had little chance of winning: – They were running out of food, weapons, ammunition, and medicine for the wounded

Appomattox Courthouse: END! v v After Richmond, VA fell, Robert E. Lee and his soldiers fled to the mountains On April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia, General Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant

Lincoln Assassinated v v During the war there were many attempts on his life On April 15 th, 1865*, while he was at a play, John Wilkes Booth was finally successful

Last “Battle” of the Civil War The last battle of the Civil War was fought at Palmito Ranch, Texas on May 12, 1865 v This was one month after Lee surrendered at Appomattox and the war ended v Confederates won! v But it didn’t count v

Reflection What was Lincoln’s role throughout the war? Be specific. v Give examples of how each side suffered economically and socially. v What should the United States do to recover from this war? v