The Civil War The Nation Divided Union vs

The Civil War

The Nation Divided

Union vs. Confederacy Union Advantages Industrial base Population of 22 million Had control over US Navy � Used to blockade south Disadvantages Longer supply lines Less agriculture Fighting in unfamiliar land

Union vs. Confederacy Advantages Know the land Defending homeland Farmers make better soldiers than factory workers Disadvantages Population of 9 million Less industry Less infrastructure

Who’s Who? �Abraham Lincoln – 16 th President of the United States • First Republican President • Believed in preserving the Union at all cost �Jefferson Davis – 1 st (and only) President of the Confederate States of America • Senator from Mississippi

Who’s Who? �Ulysses S. Grant – Commanding General of the Union Army �Robert E. Lee – Commanding General of the Confederate Army �William Tecumseh Sherman – Union General • Criticized for his policies of “total war”

The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Lincoln drafts the Emancipation Proclamation �Frees all slaves held in states that were in rebellion against the Union �Made freeing slaves a key goal in the war �Slaves were not given citizenship �Did not outlaw slavery �As the Union moved in to lands formerly held by the Confederacy slaves were freed Many joined the Union army to fight against the Confederacy

Gettysburg �In July of 1863 Lee realized that the South was losing and needed to make a final push in order to turn the war in Confederate favor. • Lee attacks the North Video �Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere. �Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days

Gettysburg �Lee was defeated and retreated to Virginia • Lee even offered his resignation to Jefferson Davis, but it was refused. �The battle was a crushing defeat for the Confederacy • The South’s hopes for legitimate recognition of the Confederacy were gone. �The Battle of Gettysburg (combined with Grant’s victory at Vicksburg) turned the tide of the Civil War in the Union’s favor.

The Gettysburg Address �To commemorate the national cemetery at Gettysburg Lincoln drafted “a few remarks” �The politician, Edward Everrett, who was before Lincoln spoke for 2 hours �Lincoln’s address was 10 sentences �The Gettysburg Address is seen as one of the greatest examples of oration in the English language.

Lee Surrenders On April 3, 1865 Grant takes Richmond, VA �The Capital of the Confederate States of America Robert E. Lee surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse