THE CIVIL WAR ERA THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1820

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THE CIVIL WAR ERA

THE CIVIL WAR ERA

THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) http: //www. germantown. k 12. il. us/html/compro. html • There

THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) http: //www. germantown. k 12. il. us/html/compro. html • There was a great debate over where slavery would be allowed and where it would not. A debate occurred and finally a compromise was reached. It stated: 1. ) Missouri entered as a slave state 2. ) Maine entered as a free state. 3. ) The 36’ 30’’ line is drawn. This line was suppose to decide whether slavery would be allowed in certain territories or not. • This compromise was effective for a number of years – almost thirty! However, after about 1850, problems began to occur and the compromise was less and less effective.

Mexican-American War, 1846 -48

Mexican-American War, 1846 -48

WILMOT PROVISO (1846) • This was a plan presented by David Wilmot, a Congressman

WILMOT PROVISO (1846) • This was a plan presented by David Wilmot, a Congressman from Pennsylvania, to stop the spread of slavery into the territories won from Mexico. • His plan PASSED the House but FAILED in the Senate. • His plan showed the power of the North. http: //www. wyalusing. net/poi/davidwilmot. html • His plan also made the South suspicious of the North’s intentions.

FREE SOIL PARTY (1848) • This was a NEW political party formed in Buffalo,

FREE SOIL PARTY (1848) • This was a NEW political party formed in Buffalo, New York. • It was formed by Northerners who wanted to DISCUSS the issue of slavery. encarta. msn. com/media • This was the FIRST party formed that was a “sectional party” and they picked Martin Van Buren as their first candidate for President. http: //www. wyalusing. net/poi/davidwilmot. html

COMPROMISE OF 1850 • • Ø Ø http: //encarta. msn. com/media_461525447_761556943_ -_1/Painting_of_a_Slave_Auction. html COMPROMISE

COMPROMISE OF 1850 • • Ø Ø http: //encarta. msn. com/media_461525447_761556943_ -_1/Painting_of_a_Slave_Auction. html COMPROMISE AGAIN! This time it includes 5 parts! 1. ) California enters as a FREE state. 2. ) Area from Mexican Cession divided into Utah and New Mexico. Slavery issue to be decided by POPULAR SOVEREIGNTRY. Ø 3. ) ENDED slave trade in Washington D. C. Ø 4. ) Made a STRICT Fugitive Slave Law Ø 5. ) Settled boarder problems between New Mexico and Texas. • Again, problems better for a short period of time and then became worse.

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW (1850) • This law was part of the compromise of 1850.

FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW (1850) • This law was part of the compromise of 1850. • It was a law that REQUIRED citizens to catch runaway slaves. • If a person did not comply, they cold be fined up to $1000 or put in jail for SIX months. • Judges received $10 if they returned a slave and $5 if they freed them. • MANY blacks who were free were captured and sent back into slavery. • Northerners HATED this law because it forced them to become a part of the system of slavery. http: //search. eb. com/blackhistory /micro/222/8. html

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN (1852) • This was a NOVEL written by Harriett Beecher Stowe.

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN (1852) • This was a NOVEL written by Harriett Beecher Stowe. • It was written to show the EVILS of slavery by telling the story of an older slave who was whipped to death by his owner. http: //www. uwm. edu/Library/speci al/exhibits/clastext/clspg 150. htm • After reading it, MANY Northerners began to change their view of slavery. • Southerners said the book was full of LIES!

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854) Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois sponsored this bill. •

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854) Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois sponsored this bill. • Divides lands into Kansas and Nebraska territories. • Decided that SLAVERY issue would be decided by POPULAR SOVREIGNTY. • Led to violence in the Senate. • Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery settlers in ONE AREA and this leads to conflict! http: //encarta. msn. com/media • Northerners believe this REPEALS the Missouri Compromise.

POTTOWATOMI CREEK KILLINGS (1856) • Because of the violence going on in Kansas, John

POTTOWATOMI CREEK KILLINGS (1856) • Because of the violence going on in Kansas, John Brown and four of his sons, decide to take the law into their own hands. • They ride into a small town named Pottowatomi Creek and pull five proslavery men out of their beds in the middle of the night. • The men are murdered. John Brown believes he is doing what “GOD has told him to do”. http: //encarta. msn. com/media • Many Northerners, while they don’t believe in slavery, are appalled at what he did.

DRED SCOTT DECISION (1857) • • http: //encarta. msn. com/media • • Dred Scott

DRED SCOTT DECISION (1857) • • http: //encarta. msn. com/media • • Dred Scott was a slave. He had lived in a free territory with his owner. His owner moved back into a slave state. While there, the owner died. Scott had ABOLITIONIST attorneys file a law suit for him. It went to the Supreme Court but he LOST. The Court ruled he was NOT a citizen but RATHER property and therefore he could not file a lawsuit. Also, they ruled that Congress could NOT ban slavery in any of the territories. This REPEALED the Missouri Compromise. Southerners LOVED the ruling while Northerners HATED it. It meant slavery could spread into all the territories!

LINCOLN-DOUGLASS DEBATE (1858) • Lincoln and Douglas debated! • Douglass believed in deciding slavery

LINCOLN-DOUGLASS DEBATE (1858) • Lincoln and Douglas debated! • Douglass believed in deciding slavery by popular sovereignty. • Lincoln believed that slavery should NOT be allowed to spread into the territories. http: //encarta. msn. com/media • Lincoln ALSO believed the Nation could not survive if the fighting continued to rip the Union apart with the slavery issue.

RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY (1859) http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/brown/peopleevents/pande 09. html • John Brown

RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY (1859) http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/brown/peopleevents/pande 09. html • John Brown was at it again! • This time, he led five blacks and thirteen whites into Harper’s Ferry. • They planned to raid an arsenal and start a slave revolt. • Problem: No slaves “rose” to help. • A number of his men died and Brown was arrested by Robert E. Lee. • Brown was tried and found guilty of murder and treason. He was later hanged. • Some Northerners thought of him as a “Martyr” (someone who dies for his beliefs. )

ELECTION OF 1860 • Lincoln ran against Douglass in the Presidential Election of 1860.

ELECTION OF 1860 • Lincoln ran against Douglass in the Presidential Election of 1860. • The Southern states did not like Lincoln or what he believed in. They overwhelmingly supported Douglass yet Lincoln STILL got elected. http: //www. multied. com/elections/1860. html • Southerners grew very angry. Said this showed it did not matter what their opinions were, the North had too much power! • Many Southerners talked of SECEDING from the Union.

Secession of Southern States

Secession of Southern States

Firing on Fort Sumter, April 13, 1861 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Located in

Firing on Fort Sumter, April 13, 1861 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Located in Charleston Harbor and controlled by Union forces when Lincoln arrived in D. C. Lincoln makes decision to reinforce garrison led by Maj. Robert Anderson Confederacy argues that the fort is now under their jurisdiction and demand its surrender on April 12, 1861. Anderson refuses and Confederate forces began a 34 hr. bombardment leading to the fort’s surrender In reaction Lincoln calls for 75, 000 volunteers to put down the rebellion Upper South secedes

Comparing the North and South

Comparing the North and South

Railroad Lines in 1860

Railroad Lines in 1860

Resources: North and South

Resources: North and South

The Union and the Confederacy in 1860

The Union and the Confederacy in 1860

Leaders of the Confederacy: Jefferson Davis and Alexander Stephens

Leaders of the Confederacy: Jefferson Davis and Alexander Stephens

The Confederate Seal “With God as Our Vindicator

The Confederate Seal “With God as Our Vindicator

Northern Strategy: “Anaconda Plan”

Northern Strategy: “Anaconda Plan”

Lincoln’s Generals: (L to R: Irwin Mc. Dowell, George Mc. Clellan, Ambrose Burnside, Ulysses

Lincoln’s Generals: (L to R: Irwin Mc. Dowell, George Mc. Clellan, Ambrose Burnside, Ulysses S. Grant

Confederate Generals: (L to R) Thomas J. “Stonewall Jackson, James Longstreet, Robert E. Lee

Confederate Generals: (L to R) Thomas J. “Stonewall Jackson, James Longstreet, Robert E. Lee

Battle of Bull Run or First Manassas - July, 1861

Battle of Bull Run or First Manassas - July, 1861

The War in the East: 1861 -1862

The War in the East: 1861 -1862

Battle of Antietam or Sharpsburg, September 17, 1862

Battle of Antietam or Sharpsburg, September 17, 1862

Emancipation Proclamation - 1863

Emancipation Proclamation - 1863

African-American Recruiting Poster

African-American Recruiting Poster

Black Troops Freeing Slaves

Black Troops Freeing Slaves

The War in the West: Grant Takes Vicksburg, July 4, 1863

The War in the West: Grant Takes Vicksburg, July 4, 1863

Gettysburg, July 1 -3, 1863

Gettysburg, July 1 -3, 1863

Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address”

Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address”

The Progress of the War, 1861 -1865

The Progress of the War, 1861 -1865

William T. Sherman’s “March to the Sea”-1864

William T. Sherman’s “March to the Sea”-1864

Presidential Election of 1864 - Lincoln v. George B. Mc. Clellan

Presidential Election of 1864 - Lincoln v. George B. Mc. Clellan

Result of Presidential Election of 1864

Result of Presidential Election of 1864

The Final Virginia Campaign, 1864 -65

The Final Virginia Campaign, 1864 -65

Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

Robert E. Lee Surrenders at Appomattox Courthous, April 9, 1865

Robert E. Lee Surrenders at Appomattox Courthous, April 9, 1865

Civil War Casualties Compared with other American Wars

Civil War Casualties Compared with other American Wars

Ford’s Theatre, April 14, 1865

Ford’s Theatre, April 14, 1865

The Assassination

The Assassination

The Challenges of Reconstruction Questions: 1. How will the South be rebuilt: physically and

The Challenges of Reconstruction Questions: 1. How will the South be rebuilt: physically and socially? 2. How will the newly-liberated blacks fare in the South and what is the role of the Federal Govt? 3. How will the Southern States be reintegrated? 4. Who will direct the process of Reconstruction: President, the Southern States, or Congress? 5. What should be done with captured Confederate leaders?

Freedmen’s Bureau School

Freedmen’s Bureau School

Jefferson Davis in Prison

Jefferson Davis in Prison

Reconstruction during the War Two Plans 1. Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan (1863) States will be

Reconstruction during the War Two Plans 1. Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan (1863) States will be readmitted once 10% of its voters in the 1860 presidential election have taken an oath of allegiance and acknowledge emancipation. 2. Wade-Davis Bill (1864) Required that 50% of a state’s voters take the oath of allegiance. Question: Should the Southern states be treated as if they left the Union? Lincoln: No Congress: Yes Moderates vs. Radical Republicans

President Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction Andrew Johnson: Democrat from Tenn. -Served as Lincoln’s Vice-President

President Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction Andrew Johnson: Democrat from Tenn. -Served as Lincoln’s Vice-President Background: -Impoverished beginnings to politician -Served in Congress and as Governor -War Democrat and harbored a strong dislike of the planter class; advocated states’ rights -Agreed with Lincoln’s 10% plan -Failed to stop steps by Southern states to limit the freedom’s of the freedmen Black Codes --New Congress in Dec. 1865 includes ex. Confederates; Johnson declares Reconstruction finished.

Radical Republicans: Rep. Thaddeus Stevens and Sen. Charles Sumner March 1866: Civil Rights Bill

Radical Republicans: Rep. Thaddeus Stevens and Sen. Charles Sumner March 1866: Civil Rights Bill - 14 th Amendment to the Constitution 1. Civil Rights to the freedmen w/o the franchise 2. Punished a state if it denied blacks the ballot. 3. Disqualified former Confederates who at one time swore an allegiance to the Constitution 4. Guaranteed the federal debt, but disqualified Confederate debts 5. 15 th Amendment: Black Suffrage (1870) 1867: Impeachment of Andrew Johnson over Tenure of Office Act 1868: Ulysses S. Grant elected president and served two terms (Republican)

Military Reconstruction Act, 1867 -1877

Military Reconstruction Act, 1867 -1877

Black Senate & House Delegates

Black Senate & House Delegates

Black Political Action: Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels – United States Congressmen Black

Black Political Action: Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels – United States Congressmen Black Political Action 1. Union League: Network of political clubs that educated members and campaigned for Republican candidates and pushed for educational opportunities for newlyfreed slaves 2. Black participation in state and federal government: Between 1868 and 1876, fourteen black congressmen and two U. S. Senators 3. Establish public schools, streamlined tax system, and guaranteed property rights 4. Assisted by “scalawags” and “carpetbaggers”

Black Rule in the South

Black Rule in the South

Establishment of Historically Black Colleges

Establishment of Historically Black Colleges

Black and White Political Participation

Black and White Political Participation

The 1868 Republican Ticket

The 1868 Republican Ticket

1868 Presidential Election

1868 Presidential Election

Thomas Nast

Thomas Nast

Ku Klux Klan (American Terrorism? )

Ku Klux Klan (American Terrorism? )

1876 Presidential Election

1876 Presidential Election

The Political Crisis of 1877

The Political Crisis of 1877

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 (Supreme Court)

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 (Supreme Court)