The Civil War Day 1 The Key Players

The Civil War

Day 1 The Key Players • The Union: North – President: Abraham Lincoln – General: Ulysses S. Grant • The Confederacy: South – President: Jefferson Davis – General: Robert E. Lee

1. Who were the leaders of the Union? 2. Who were the leaders of the Confederacy?

Day 1 North vs. South • Population: Population the North had 22 million people while the South had only 6 million people • Resources: Resources the North had more factories and produced more food than the South • Transportation: Transportation the North had more railroads, canals, and roads • Leadership: Leadership The North had Lincoln, and the South had General Lee • Naval Power: Power the North had a more powerful navy

1. Which side had the advantage in resources? 2. Why is population important when fighting a war?

Day 1 Anaconda Plan • Lincoln’s main strategy for winning the war was to surround the South and strangle it by blockading southern ports and controlling the Mississippi River. • The strategy became known as the Anaconda Plan.

1. What was Lincoln’s plan for winning the war? 2. What nickname was given to the plan?

Day 2 Early Campaigns • To quickly end the Civil War, the Union wanted to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. • In 1861, an army of 30, 000 Union troops began marching towards Richmond but were defeated by ~20, 000 Confederate soldiers under the leadership of “Stonewall” Jackson. • Jackson was one of the best military leaders in the war and earned his nickname by holding his ground like a wall made of stone.

1. What city did the Union want to capture? 2. Who led the Confederate forces defending the city?

Day 2 Early Campaigns • Robert E. Lee felt that the best way to end the war was to invade the North. • In 1862, Lee’s soldiers crossed into the North and were defeated at the Battle of Antietam. • This was the single bloodiest day of the war as over 6, 000 soldiers were killed in one day.

1. Why did Lee invade the North with his army? 2. What was the bloodiest battle during the Civil War?

Day 2 The Anthem of the North http: //www. cyberhym nal. org/htm/b/h/bhy mnotr. htm • Julia Ward Howe heard a group of Union soldiers singing a song about John Brown. • She re-wrote the words and called it “The Battle Hymn of the Republic. ” • This became a popular song among the Northerners and Union soldiers to sing

1. What song did Julia Ward Howe write? 2. What was the song originally about?

Day 3 Emancipation Proclamation • In 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which freed slaves in the Confederacy. • Lincoln did this because: 1. It gave the North a moral reason to fight 2. Britain and France would not fight against the North 3. The agriculture production in the South would be greatly damaged

1. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? 2. Why did Lincoln issue this document during the war?

Day 3 Draft Riots • Also in 1863, Lincoln ordered a conscription, which required men to fight in the Civil War. • Many Northerners were against the conscription and rioted by attacking buildings and abolitionists in the North.

1. Why did Lincoln order the conscription? 2. Why did many Northerners riot?

Day 3 Minority Soldiers Fight • William Carney was an African American soldier for the Union during the Civil War. • Philip Bazaar, born in Chile, was a Union soldier who helped deliver messages during the Civil War. • Both men won the Congressional Medal of Honor

1. Why do you think William Carney and Philip Bazaar fought for the Union? 2. What award did both men receive?

Day 4 1 st Turning Point • In 1863, Robert E. Lee made another attempt to invade the North, but lost many men at a 3 day battle called the Battle of Gettysburg • Lincoln gave a speech after the battle which came to be called the Gettysburg Address; Address in it, he spoke about why the war was being fought

1. What was the 1 st turning point of the war? 2. What was Lincoln’s speech after the battle called?

Day 4 2 nd Turning Point • Also in 1863, General Grant captured Vicksburg which was located on the Mississippi River • With that victory, the Union controlled the Mississippi River [cutting the Confederacy into 2 parts]

1. What was the 2 nd turning point of the war? 2. Why was this such an important victory for the Union?

Day 4 Total War • Union General Grant was willing to destroy the land property of the South in order to win the war • A Union military leader, William T. Sherman marched his troops across Georgia destroying everything in their path in what was called the “March to the Sea”

1. What was “total war”? 2. Which Union General led the “march to the sea”?

Day 5 Lincoln Re-Elected • With the North starting to win the War, Lincoln easily won re-election as U. S. President in 1864 • In his Second Inaugural Address, Lincoln spoke about the immorality of slavery and how the Union should treat the South with respect after the war was over

1. Why was Lincoln easily re-elected in 1864? 2. What did he say in his 2 nd Inaugural Address?

Day 5 The End • In early 1865, the Confederate capital was captured and half of Lee’s soldiers had deserted • General Lee met and surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, officially ending the war.

1. Why did General Lee surrender? 2. Where did this surrender take place?

Day 5 Lincoln Assassinated • A few days after the war was over, a southern actor named John Wilkes Booth shot President Lincoln while he was watching a play • Booth favored the South and thought Lincoln was a tyrant • Andrew Johnson [Lincoln’s Vice President] became the new President of the U. S. SIC SEMPER TYRANNIS!!!

1. Who assassinated Abraham Lincoln? 2. Who became the next U. S. President?