The Civil War Brother vs Brother Year Review

The Civil War Brother vs. Brother

Year Review Theme: • Proclamation Line of 1763: Theme? • (POL) Started the sift of political power from Britain to American colonies ending with the Declaration of Independence and American Revolution. • Student example: The Wilmot Proviso prevented the south to take further control of Slavery in territories acquired by Mexico. • (POL) The Wilmot Proviso prevented the attempts of southern Democrat Planter’s to spread influence in territories acquired by Mexico. • (ENV) The interaction w/ the natural environment shaped the way the “new” people had been moved.

Essential Question • What were the determining key factors leading to the Union’s victory over the Confederacy?

Civil War 1. Union Statistics 1. Soldiers: 2, 500, 000 to 2, 700, 00. 2. Battle Deaths: 110, 070 3. Disease Deaths: 250, 152 4. Total Deaths: 360, 222 1. Confederate Statistics 1. Soldiers: 750, 000 to 1, 250, 00. 2. Battle Deaths: 94, 000 3. Disease Deaths: 164, 000 4. Total Deaths: 258, 000 • Between 600, 0000 to 700, 000 Americans died • Bloodiest War in American History • Brothers • fought against Brothers What were they fighting for? o What were the Union soldiers fighting for? o What were the Confederate soldiers fighting for? o Estimates say 80% of Confederate soldiers were not slave holders or liked the institution.

Robert E Lee There are few, I believe, in this enlightened age, who will not acknowledge that slavery as an institution is a moral and political evil. (Robert E Lee) • If General Lee believed this, why did he fight for the Confederate South?

22 states 23, 000 population Industrial economy Majority of transportation Lincoln, a military novice. Asks Robert E. Lee to command Union troops and declines Belief war is about preserving the Union. Later it will be about slavery. 11 states 10, 000 includes 4 million slaves Agricultural economy Exports, not food Limited manufacturing and railroad lines. Davis, military experience. Better military leaders Belief war is about states rights, independence and preserving their way of life. The North’s major advantage its economy, the South’s main disadvantage its economy

• Population • Balanced economy • Transportation • Leadership-govt. • Larger army • Experienced Military Leaders • Defensive war • Tentativeness of North • Time

A Comparison of the Union and Confederate Control of Key Resources at the Outset of the Civil War

Partner Activity: • If you had to pick the one greatest thing a country needs in order to be victorious in war; what would it be? Explain your answer. • Find another partnership and argue your point. Which of the partnerships is right? Explain why

Key Leaders Confederate Leaders: (Others: James Longstreet, Nathan Bedford Forrest & Bloody Bill Anderson) • Jefferson Davis: Southern President, strong personality created animosity and divisions in the confederacy. • Robert E. Lee: Excelled at West Point, excelled during the Mexican/American War. Offered command of entire Union army, but refused. After war helped southern people gain a renew allegiance to the United States. (Brilliant Military General) • Thomas Jackson: The most effective victory at Bull Run. commander in the confederate army. Known as Stonewall Jackson,

Key Individuals Union Army: • Ulysses S. Grant: Started out a average military officer & failed business man. • • Becomes 1 st General & Chief since Washington & 18 th president Brutal military tactics gave him the nickname "The Butcher. “ (Ends the War) • George B. Mc. Clellan: Longest General for northern army. Mc. Clellan overly cautious strategies got him replaced. • William Tecumseh Sherman: Victories at Atlanta & his March to the sea helped win the war. • Andrew Johnson: Vice President during the war, and president during the reconstruction period.

Abraham Lincoln • Excelling from failure! • • Failed his father! Failed marriage! Failed lawyer! Failed politician! • What made him Succeed? • • Understood how to handle pressure. Understood how to relate to the people. Great decision maker! Understood Modernization wins wars.

MORRILL TARIFF ACT, 1862 Protect & encourage American industry, Congress passed tariff after the South seceded from the Union. MORRILL ACT, 1862 Promote education, Congress provided public lands to the states for support of education. “Land-grant colleges” NATIONAL BANKING SYSTEM, 1863 Stimulated the economy by setting bank system, Congress passed this act creating national banking system. (replaced by the Federal Reserve in 1913. ) LAND GRANTS TO RAILROADS US Govt. donated land to railroad companies encouraging growth of transportation. (key to victory? )

Beginning of war he suspended “civil liberties” liberties or parts of the Constitution 1. writ of habeas corpus: Protects from unfair arrest and trial by jury. 2. Occupation of Baltimore: Controlled by military---- “martial law” 3. Arrested over 15, 000 civilians: Without “probable cause”---suspicious “Rebel” sympathizers. 4. Closed “rebel” newspapers: Violated 1 st amendment rights of “free speech and press”. First Income Tax Greenbacks 1 st paper money

Judging Lincoln: • Was Abraham Lincoln decision appropriate understanding the situation the nation was in? Explain: • Are there times when it’s okay for government to take away freedoms allotted to us by the constitution? Why or why not? • Explain another time in American History when the government did something similar? Was it justified then?

Anaconda Plan 1. Blockade (blue) 2. Protect Washington, D. C (Red). 3. Divide South (yellow)

Key Battles & Events • Battle of Fort Sumter: About one month after Lincoln takes office, 1 st battle to start Civil War. • The Battle of Bull Run: Confederates first great victory (Thomas Stone Wall Jackson).

From the First Bull Run to Antietam: The War in the East, 1861– 1862

The Battle of Antietam: (1862) • Battle on Union soil. (Confederate threatening Washington) • Gen. Lee hopes to get states & countries intervention. (Britain) • Lincoln reluctantly restores “Little Mac” (Gen. Mc. Clellan) • Two Union soldiers discover copies of Lee’s battle plans. • Bloodiest single day in American History. (It was a draw) • Closest the confederates would ever be to victory (England & French was on the verge of joining).

The Effects of Antietam: • Confederate army loses momentum & men • Gave Lincoln the victory needed for the Emancipation Proclamation (Creating a Moral War) • European power refuse involvement in the war • Confederate states begin to fragment due to lack of leadership. (Jefferson Davis)

• Abolitionists pressured Lincoln to free the slaves. • After the Battle of Antietam, Antietam he announced that the slaves would be freed. (only in Rebellion states) • Became effective on Jan. 1, 1863, in those states still in rebellion • Emancipation Proclamation changes the war to a moral war. (Kept England & France out of the war) • Lincoln’s “first” step towards ending slavery. • “Final step” 13 th Amendment to the Constitution on Dec. 1865 would legally and constitutionally abolish slavery.

• Over 200, 000 freed slaves fought for the US • Famous 54 th Black Regiment of Massachusetts which was organized by Frederick Douglass

Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville: • Fredericksburg: Lincoln replaces Mc. Clellan with A. E. Burnside. • The A. E. Burnside faced General Lee & Gen. Thomas Jackson. • Perhaps Lee’s most brilliant military victory. • Burnside gets defeated. “Burnside’s Slaughter Pen. ” • Chancellorsville: Gen. “Fighting Joe” Hooker replaces Burnside. • South victory, however, legendary Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson dies. • “I have lost my right arm. ” Gen. Lee • General lee knew he needed to turn the tide of war.

Gettysburg July 2 -4, 1863 Lee’s Big Gamble: • Lee decides to change momentum by invading the north through Pennsylvania. • Gen. George Meade replaces Hooker. • Confederates: George Pickett’s failed charge broke the back of the confederates. • After loss General Lee knew that the south was doomed to fail in their cause.

Gettysburg Casualties

Key Battles Continue 1. Sherman's march to the Sea: General William T. Sherman believed he had no choice but to make old and young, rich and poor feel the hard hand of war. 1. Cut a path of destruction through Georgia 60 miles wide. The troops pillaged, looted, and burned 12 towns including state capital (neckties). 2. Demoralized the South as well as crushed their economy.

Sherman’s March

Ending the War • The Siege of Petersburg: Gen. Grant and Philip Sheridan surrounded Gen. Lee's forces were trapped in Petersburg. • Lee fails to escape from Petersburg. • The Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse: Ended The War. • Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (1 month later).