The Civil War 1861 1865 Review Causes of

The Civil War (1861 -1865) • Review: Causes of the Civil War • • Sectionalism Invention of the Cotton Gin Missouri Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott v Sanford John Brown’s Raid Election of 1860

Who’s Who of the Civil War • Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederate States of America • Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States • Ulysses S. Grant: Commander of the Union Army • Robert E. Lee: Commander of the Confederate Army • Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson: experienced Confederate General • William T. Sherman: Union General. Sherman’s March to the Sea through GA

Robert E. Lee (Confederacy-South) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=4 AVMoo_PT 40 - Resigned from the US Army to fight for the Confederacy, but was against slavery AND opposed secession. - Most concerned about fighting his fellow Virginians. - Had graduated from West Point - Accomplished General - Throughout the War, he believed if he could win a battle in the North, the Confederacy could win the War.

William Sherman (Union-North) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=5 c-a. Onz. B 92 I • Attacked and destroyed the city of Atlanta, a major southern railroad center, in 1864. • Sherman’s March to the Sea • The Atlanta victory helped Lincoln secure the political support that allowed him to be reelected in 1864. Sherman’s capturing Atlanta was important for what two major reasons?

North vs South NORTH Advantages 2/3 of the US population More railroads Industry Supplies availability NORTH Disadvantages Didn’t know Southern landscape Generals were not as knowledgeable/capable SOUTH Advantages Better Generals Knew the territory (most battles fought in the South) SOUTH Disadvantages Fewer railroads Lack of supplies Lack of soldiers

Northern and Southern Resources

Major Battles of the Civil War

Union’s Anaconda Plan • Blockade Southern ports and destroy what few Southern railways there were • Like a snake constricts and starves off oxygen from a victim

Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=O 9 p 7 V 7 Gr. Hj. E • Fort Sumter, a Union fort in Charleston Harbor, is surrounded after South Carolina seceded in 1860. • The Union refused to surrender the fort and Jefferson Davis orders Southern troops to bombard the fort. • The fort surrenders, starting the Civil War.

Antietam: 1862 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=l. Ji. Mlgvygvc • Antietam, which became the bloodiest one-day battle in American history (over 22, 000 casualties) • Lee is forced to retreat back into Virginia • The Union victory led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation What might have happened if Lee defeated the Union Army at Antietam?

Gettysburg (PA): Turning Point of the War https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Rrk 9 e 85 LP 8 s • Lee again decided to invade the North in hope that the North would settle for peace. -On July 2 nd, Lee ordered an attack, known as “Pickett’s Charge” against Union forces. The South lost 7, 000 men in under 30 minutes of fighting. -Lee never attempted to attach the North again, and fought on the defensive for the rest of the war

Vicksburg (MS) July 4 th 1863 • By 1863, Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River. • Grant launched a siege of the city cutting off it’s food supply and placing it under constant bombardment. • The Confederate forces surrender July 4 th 1863, which gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in half. Completed the Western side of the Anaconda Plan

Battle for Atlanta: August 1864 • Sherman marched his army south towards Atlanta, a major railroad center in the South. • He ordered all civilians out of the city and then began to burn and destroy everything of military value. • Atlanta was the beginning of Sherman’s “March to the Sea” and helped assure Lincoln a 2 nd term. • Completed the Eastern side of the Anaconda Plan

Lincoln’s Actions During the War • Suspension of Habeus Corpus • Habeus Corpus: right to a fair trial • Cannot be illegally thrown in jail or prison • Emancipation Proclamation -freed only those slaves in the states in rebellion -gave the Union Army another reason to fight: the liberation of slaves • Gettysburg Address • used the speech to redefine the purpose of fighting the war: the reunification of the Union. • 2 nd Inaugural Address • Reiterates his message from the Gettysburg Address when in his Second Inaugural speech he states “With malice towards none, with charity for all. ” • Focus was on reuniting the country