THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT WOMENS RIGHTS NAACP TO
- Slides: 64
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT WOMEN’S RIGHTS, NAACP TO THE 1960’S
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS �The women’s rights movement in the 1800’s laid the foundation for minority rights. �The Civil War Amendments (pushed for by Frederick Douglas) passed by Abe Lincoln were the cornerstones. �Booker T. Washington was an early advocate for civil rights. �Harry Truman desegregated the military in World War II. �Ike was president when Brown v. Board was passed in 1954.
HARRY TRUMAN � �President Truman advanced the cause of civil rights when he ordered the �desegregation of — �A all branches of the armed forces. �B factories which produced military supplies. �C all public high schools. �D state-funded colleges and universities.
THE EARLY MOVEMENT �Plessy v. Ferguson- 1896 Supreme Court case that established “separate but equal”; it legalized segregation �Jim Crow Laws- discrimination laws in the South; ex. African-Americans had curfews, couldn’t testify against a white person in court, had to ride on the back of the bus… �Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - preacher in Montgomery, AL who became the leader of the Mont. Bus Boycott; �He led SCLC and believed in non-violence; influenced by Gandhi
Supreme court cases impact �Brown vs. Board of Education-1954 Supreme Court case that outlawed segregation in schools; Thurgood �Marshall was the NAACP attorney who represented Linda Brown �Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott- 1955; considered the beginning of the civil rights movement; �She refused to give up her seat so a white man could be seated; she was arrested and a city-wide boycott began; the Supreme Ct. stepped in and integrated Mont. buses
BROWN V. BOARD � � Excerpt from Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954): � “We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but � equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. ’’ � Which statement BEST describes the meaning of this section of the Supreme Court � ruling? � A Local schools should solve their own problems. � B The act of legally segregating the races in schools is unconstitutional. � C Schools should be funded in a way that provides equal amounts of money. � D In order to provide equality in schools, the federal government must control local � schools.
Brown v. Board of Education(1954)
Rosa Parks
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Little Rock Nine �Little Rock Nine- 9 Af-Am teenagers integrated Little Rock’s Central High despite brutal protests �Greensboro and Nashville sit-ins- SNCC and other groups fought to integrate downtown lunch counters by staging sit-ins; they sat quietly and were refused service… they continued to sit peacefully and were �beaten/arrested
Little Rock
Little Rock Nine
Blocked by Arkansas National Guard
ARKANSAS AND CIVIL RIGHTS �When the governor of Arkansas called up the National Guard to prevent African �American children from entering all-white public schools in 1957, President �Eisenhower directed the United States Army to intervene. In this case, the president �was attempting to enforce — �A a state law. �B a federal court order. �C a congressional resolution. �D an international mandate.
THE RACIST SOUTH �Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee- SNCC; college age students who organized non-violent protests �Freedom Riders- civil rights workers who hoped to integrate bus terminals; they rode buses from city to city in the South and often faced fierce crowds when they arrived at their destinations �Bull Conner and Birmingham- Racist police commissioner of Birmingham, AL who ordered the police/firefighters to �use dogs and fire hoses on children during a protest; it was videoed and shown world wide on news stations; B’ham was known as “Bombingham” due to the # of bombs used and violent acts that occurred
BROWN V. BOARD � � Excerpt from Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954): � “We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but � equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. ’’ � Which statement BEST describes the meaning of this section of the Supreme Court � ruling? � A Local schools should solve their own problems. � B The act of legally segregating the races in schools is unconstitutional. � C Schools should be funded in a way that provides equal amounts of money. � D In order to provide equality in schools, the federal government must control local � schools.
LEADERS EMERGE �March on Washington- 1963; largest march in DC at that time with 250, 000 marchers; purpose was to draw �attention to the Civil Rights Act that was before Congress; MLK gave his “I Have A Dream” speech �Civil Rights Act of 1964 - signed by Lyndon Johnson that outlawed discrimination in public facilities; ex. no �more separate restrooms, water fountains, restaurants, etc. � �Medgar Evers- state leader of the NAACP in MS; murdered in his driveway by Byron De La Beckwith in 1963; � Had organized successful boycotts in Jackson, MS
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT � �The purpose of the March on Washington in August 1963 was to show support �for — �A school segregation. �B civil rights legislation. �C military involvement in Vietnam. �D ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.
THE EARLY UPHEAVAL � � �The Supreme Court supported Jim Crow laws through decisions like the one in the � 1896 case of — �A Miranda v. Arizona. �B Schenck v. United States. �C Plessy v. Ferguson. �D Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
Planning the March on Washington
LEADERS EMERGE �James Meredith- first African-American to enroll at the University of MS (Ole Miss); violent protests occurred �Ms Freedom Democratic Party- new political party formed that allowed all races to represent the state at �the Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City in 1964; the National Cmte refused to recognize �the MFDP and offered them two seats at large at the convention; the MFDP refused them and left �Fannie Lou Hamer- MFDP delegate who was very critical of the Democratic party for not recognizing the MFDP and her speech was nationally televised
The movement continues �Ms Summer Project or Freedom Summer- organized by the NAACP to recruit volunteers from across the country to come to MS in the summer of 1964 and help register African-Americans to vote; local police arrested 3 volunteers and their bodies were recovered months later in an earthen dam; inspired the movie “MS Burning” �Selma March- 1965; purpose was to draw attention to the lack of voting rights for African Americans; the first march ended as state troopers on horseback stopped protestors on the outskirts of Selma; troopers used tear gas on the peaceful protestors; the second march was successful b/c the president ordered the state troopers to protect the marchers
KING IS KILLED �Voting Rights Act of 1965 - signed by Lyndon Johnson and allowed the federal govt. to supervise voting �in the south; eliminated all barriers to voting (poll tax, literacy tests, etc. ) �Malcolm X- civil rights leader who was impatient with the slow progress that had been made and believed that AFAm should fight “eye for an eye” for their rights; did not want to integrate into the white man’s society �MLK Assassination- shot on the balcony of a hotel in Memphis, TN in 1968; was in Memphis to help a group �of garbage workers who were on strike
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT � �Which one of the following events is generally recognized as the start of the Civil Rights Movement? �A African American college students staged a sit-in at the Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. �B A multiracial march was organized for Washington, D. C. , to demonstrate for human rights. �C Rosa Parks, an African American woman, refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. �D Fannie Lou Hamer organized the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party so that African Americans would be represented at the Democratic National Convention �of 1964.
Who are the important people that promoted civil rights? �Plessy v. Ferguson- 1896 Supreme Court case that established “separate but equal”; it legalized segregation �Jim Crow Laws- discrimination laws in the South; ex. African Americans had curfews, couldn’t testify against a white person in court, had to ride on the back of the bus… �Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - preacher in Montgomery, AL who became the leader of the Mont. Bus Boycott; He led SCLC and believed in non-violence; influenced by Gandhi
Important people, places and events during the Civil Rights Movement �Brown vs. Board of Education-1954 Supreme Court case that outlawed segregation in schools; Thurgood Marshall was the NAACP attorney who represented Linda Brown �Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott- 1955; considered the beginning of the civil rights movement; She refused to give up her seat so a white man could be seated; she was arrested and a city-wide boycott began; the Supreme Ct. stepped in and integrated Mont. buses �Little Rock Nine- 9 African-American teenagers integrated Little Rock’s Central High despite brutal protests
Places and events �Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee- SNCC; college age students who organized non-violent protests �Freedom Riders- civil rights workers who hoped to integrate bus terminals; they rode buses from city to city in the South and often faced fierce crowds when they arrived at their destinations �Bull Conner and Birmingham- Racist police commissioner of B’ham, AL who ordered the police/firefighters to use dogs and fire hoses on children during a protest; it was videoed and shown world wide on news stations; B’ham was known as “Bombingham” due to the # of bombs used and violent acts that occurred
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT �In 1964, volunteers went to Mississippi to work for civil rights in a movement �known as Freedom Summer. What was the MAIN goal of these volunteers? �A They wanted to integrate local high schools. �B They wanted to register African Americans to vote. �C They wanted to organize a march on Washington, D. C. �D They wanted to protest the integration of public facilities.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Freedom Riders in Montgomery
Places and events �March on Washington- 1963; largest march in DC at that time with 250, 000 marchers; purpose was to draw attention to the Civil Rights Act that was before Congress; MLK gave his “I Have A Dream” speech �Civil Rights Act of 1964 - signed by Lyndon Johnson that outlawed discrimination in public facilities; ex. no more separate restrooms, water fountains, restaurants, etc. �Medgar Evers- state leader of the NAACP in MS; murdered in his driveway by Byron De La Beckwith in 1963; Had organized successful boycotts in Jackson, MS �James Meredith- first Af-Am to enroll at the Univ of MS (Ole Miss); violent protests occurred
The ground breakers �James Meredith- first African-American to enroll at the University of MS (Ole Miss); violent protests occurred �Ms Freedom Democratic Party- new political party formed that allowed all races to represent the state at the Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City in 1964; the National Committee refused to recognize the MFDP and offered them two seats at large at the convention; the MFDP refused them and left �Fannie Lou Hamer- MFDP delegate who was very critical of the Democratic party for not recognizing the MFDP and her speech was nationally televised
James Meredith at Ole Miss
The contributors…. . �Ms Summer Project or Freedom Summer- organized by the NAACP to recruit volunteers from across the country to come to MS in the summer of 1964 and help register African-Americans to vote; local police arrested 3 volunteers and their bodies were recovered months later in an earthen dam; inspired the movie “MS Burning” �Selma March- 1965; purpose was to draw attention to the lack of voting rights for African-Americans; the first march ended as state troopers on horseback stopped protestors on the outskirts of Selma; troopers used tear gas on the peaceful protestors; the second march was successful b/c the president ordered the state troopers to protect the marchers
The contributors �Voting Rights Act of 1965 - signed by Lyndon Johnson and allowed the federal govt. to supervise voting in the south; eliminated all barriers to voting (poll tax, literacy tests, etc. ) �Malcolm X- civil rights leader who was impatient with the slow progress that had been made and believed that AFAm should fight “eye for an eye” for their rights; did not want to integrate into the white man’s society �MLK Assassination- shot on the balcony of a hotel in Memphis, TN in 1968; was in Memphis to help a group of garbage workers who were on strike
Southern Christian Leadership Council (SCLC)
Massive Resistance
Emmett Till Lynching, 1955
Greensboro, N. C. February 1, 1960
Nashville Sit-Ins
A Long Wait?
Non-Violent Resistance
Anniston AL lights the way!
Alabama, 1963
Welcome to Birmingham
Gov. George Wallace
June 12, 1963: Medgar Evers
Byron De La Beckwith 1963, 1994 & 1997
Birmingham, 1963
“Putting on the Pressure”
Thomas Blanton and Bobby Frank Cherry Guilty, 2001
John Lewis 1963 and 2003
Malcolm Little, Malcolm X , Malik El Shabazz
M&M
Malcolm X and Louis X
Elijah Muhammad
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