THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT The beginning FYI Discussion

THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT The beginning

FYI Discussion reminders: Show respect for the views of others, listen to each other. Be concise about your comments so all can have a turn Let others express their views without interruption No personal slams (e. g. name-calling, put-downs)

With your neighbor…. K – what do we Know? What can you recall about African American history up to the 1950 s? 3 -4 minutes

African American History The slave trade Dred Scott Civil War Reconstruction Limitations to freedom Poll tax Grandfather clause Literacy tests

African American History Jim Crow laws

African American History Please get out your homework from yesterday Plessy v. Ferguson (1892) “separate but equal” doctrine

African American History Lynchings – hangings/murders without court proceedings de-facto segregation NAACP (est. 1909) 1920 s/30 s WWII In Sports Military desegregation

With your neighbour. . . W – what do we Want to know? Historically, how did major changes for African Americans taken place? Laws usually had to be passed and enforced

Why now? Why were the 1950 s and 60 s an opportune time for a national civil right movement? Blacks. Migration Great Strong leadersrecognition gained emerged – Africanto. Americans for unite WWII a national efforts gained political power in northern cities movement Discrimination U. S. abroad hurt propaganda WWII – fought in racism (the battle with the U. S. S. R. holocaust)

What would you do? Lincoln Has the. HS state iscollect in met a community itssubstantially obligation ofto high provide an Lee HS can more in local unemployment equal education and to students low-income Lincoln families. HS and taxes from residents = attractatbest teachers, Lee HS? or whycenter, not? community brand new wide-range of Lee HS is Why incomputer a prosperous in the music/art classes same state. Lincoln HS pays teachers belowofaverage, not Both receive the same amount funding per even from one computer pupil the state. per classroom, electives have been eliminated, athletics could be next

What would you do? Imagine How do you respond? are a Lee HS student. You Whatare do told you that do to the trynew andstate change lawit? trying to equalize educational opportunities says that your school’s fund must be shared with Lincoln HS Budget cuts will mean that your school could lose its computer lab, and possibly funding for athletic, art and music events and classes.

Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)

Brown v. Board Before we read: Read the title What are the parts that the text is broken into? What can you expect when you read these sections? Number the paragraphs 1 through 9 Skim the text Skim the questions Circle any key terms that you come across

Brown v. Board Read independently and answer the corresponding questions You have 10 minutes

Brown v. Board Follow the verbal prompts and highlight the appropriate sections Compare your text with a neighbor’s What is the same? What is different? Why might you see differences?

Brown v. Board Summarize: Linda Brown was denied admission to her neighborhood school She had to go across town to the all-black school Her parents with 3 others sued the Topeka school board

Brown v. Board NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall took case all the way to the Supreme Court The ruling: “In the field of public education, the doctrine separate, but equal…was inherently unequal. ”

Brown v. Board In your small groups: How Why Court’srecognized ruling wasthe received do you think the Court huge in the South? impact that segregated schools had psychological on children who attended them? A constitutional scholar called the Brown ruling “the Supreme Court’s most important decision of the twentieth century. ” Why do you think he made that claim

Reactions How do you think the Court’s ruling for desegregation with “all deliberate speed” should have been interpreted? What do you think the result would have been had the Court demanded immediate desegregation?

Brown v. Board cont’d

Reactions The Effects: Ruling challenged segregation Anger & resistance “Southern Manifesto” Schools defied court until 1969 Ordered to desegregate “at once” and operate integrated schools “now and hereafter. ”

Things to think about Why do you think schools were the focus of the litigation that led to the decision in Brown v. Board? Is it more important for schools to be diverse and desegregated than the rest of society? What do you think are the possible problems and risks involved in using schools as the site of social reform?

With your neighbor. . . L – what did we Learn?