THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Big Q What are the

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Big Q: What are the functions of the circulatory system?

ENGAGE - UNTAMED SCIENCE CHILLIN IN THEhow COLD ➤ Explain different animals have adapted to survive in extremely cold climates? ➤ How does this regulation require the use of the circulatory system?

EXPLAIN - ANIMAL CIRCULATION ➤ Circulatory System - transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body while removing waste from tissues ➤ Types: ➤ 1. Open Circulatory System - blood is only partially contained within a system of vessels as it travels through the body ➤ 2. Closed Circulatory System - blood travels entirely through vessels

Evolution of circulatory system Not everyone has a 4 -chambered heart fish 2 chamber V amphibian 3 chamber reptiles 3 chamber A A V Regents Biology A V birds & mammals 4 chamber A V

Human Heart ▪ 4 -Chambered heart ◆ atria (atrium) ▪ thin wall ▪ collection chamber ▪ receive blood ◆ left atrium ventricles ▪ thick wall pump ▪ pump blood out myocardium - heart muscle Regents Biology right atrium right ventricle left ventricle

EXPLAIN - THE HEART ➤ Pulmonary Circulation goes to lungs for oxygen ➤ Systemic Circulation goes to body with oxygenated blood ➤ Blue Parts - oxygen poor blood from the body ➤ Red Parts - oxygen rich blood from the lungs

Lub-dub, lub-dub ▪ 4 valves in the heart flaps of connective tissue ◆ prevent backflow ◆ ▪ Heart sounds closing of valves ◆ Makes “Lub” and “Dub” sound SL ◆ ▪ Heart murmur AV AV leaking valve causes hissing sound ◆ blood squirts backward through valve ◆ Regents Biology

Electrical signals allows atria to empty completely before ventricles contract ▪ heart pumping controlled by electrical impulses ▪ signal transmitted to skin = EKG Regents also Biology stimulates ventricles to contract from bottom to top, driving blood into arteries

Cardiac Cycle How is this reflected in blood pressure measurements? ventricles fill Systolic ____ Dystolic chambers fill pump (peak pressure) _________ 120 ____ fill (minimum pressure) 80 Regents Biology ventricles pump

ELABORATE - WHAT FACTORS AFFECT HEART RATE ➤ Investigate what affects an animal’s heart rate. ➤ *****Answer questions on your inquiry warm up sheet

Measurement of blood pressure if systolic > 150 hypertension = or (high blood pressure) if diastolic > 90 Regents Biology

Blood vessels arteries veins artery venules arterioles capillaries venules veins Regents Biology

Arteries: Built for their job ▪ Arteries ◆ ◆ blood flows away from heart thicker walls ▪ provide strength for high pressure pumping of blood ◆ elastic & stretchable ▪ maintains blood pressure even when heart relaxes Regents Biology

Veins: Built for their job ▪ Veins ◆ ◆ blood returns back to heart thinner-walled ▪ blood travels back to heart at low speed & pressure Why low pressure? Blood flows toward heart Open valve Closed valve ▪ FAR from heart ▪ Blood flows because muscles contract when we move Regents Biology

Structure-function relationship ▪ Capillaries ◆ ◆ very thin walls allows diffusion of materials across capillary waste body cell ▪ O 2, CO 2, H 2 O, food, waste CO 2 food Regents Biology

Blood & blood cells ▪ Blood is a tissue of fluid ◆ & cells plasma ▪ liquid part of blood ▪ dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more ◆ cells ▪ red blood cells (RBC) �transport O 2 in hemoglobin ▪ white blood cells (WBC) �defense & immunity ▪ platelets �blood clotting Regents Biology

Blood Cell production ribs, vertebrae, breastbone & pelvis ▪ Stem cells ◆ ◆ “parent” cells in white blood cells bone marrow differentiate into many different types of cells red blood cells Regents Biology white blood cells

Red blood cells ▪ Small round cells produced in bone marrow ◆ 5 liters of blood in body ◆ 5 -6 million RBC in drop of human blood ◆ last 3 -4 months (120 days) ◆ ▪ filtered out by liver ▪ ~3 million RBC destroyed each second Regents Biology

Hemoglobin ▪ Protein which carries O 2 ◆ 250, 000 hemoglobins in 1 red blood cell O 2 Regents Biology O 2

EXPLORE - CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DISEASES ➤ Atherosclerosis (Heart Disease) - plaque build up in the artery walls causing it to stiffen and weaken blood flow ➤ Stroke - cutting off blood supply to the brain causing death to brain tissue ➤ High Blood Pressure(Hypertension) blood pressure reading of 140/90 or higher

EVALUATE - BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS ➤ Analyze data about blood transfusions on your worksheet