THE CHINESE MONARCHY REPUBLIC OR COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT Changes

THE CHINESE MONARCHY, REPUBLIC OR COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT ? Changes in government

END OF THE DYNASTIES Manchu dynasty ends with the death of Ci. Xi in 1911. Reformers introduced a constitutional monarchy. Sun Yixian became the president of the republic in 1912.

Republic – a form of government in which people elect representatives to govern.

SUN YIXIAN “Father of Modern China” Leader of the Nationalist Party or Guomindang 3 goals: 1. Nationalism: freeing China from foreign domination 2. Democracy: representative government 3. “Livelihood”: economic security for all Chinese

INTERNAL PROBLEMS EXTERNAL PROBLEMS Struggles for Power led to chaos Foreign imperialism 3 yr old emperor Pu Yi inherited A weak China allowed for more throne - chaos foreign control of trade 1912 a powerful general, Yuan Shikai tried to create a new 1915 Japan made China a dynasty – he dies in 1916 – protectorate while Europe was chaos involved in WWI Local warlords took control Japan received German territory May 4 th Student movement: boycott Japan, favor the West, after WWI at Treaty of ban Versailles in 1919 footbinding/a. marriages/seclusi on of women Forced peasants to pay taxes to support their armies Bandits and famine

CIVIL WAR Nationalist Goumindang Led Chaing Kai-Shek Communists Red Army Led by Mao Zedong

LONG MARCH 1934 Communists retreat to northern China Traveled 6, 000 miles over 368 day journey Chased by the Guomindang 8, 000/100, 000 troops survived

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2 ND SINO-JAPANESE WAR 1937 -1945 1937 Japan invades China Two sides of civil war call a truce to unite against Japan during WWII. While invading China, Japan commits atrocities: Rape of Nanking After the WWII, civil war begins again Communists win civil war & nationalist flee to Taiwan

Effects of Civil War Mao became hero for bravery Gained support throughout China 1949 - Mao led overthrow of govt. Communist Revolution Chiang and the nationalists fled Mainland China Set up their government in Taiwan, (island off coast of China!)

Two Chinas Mainland China became Communist under Mao Taiwan became a democracy under Chiang Kai Shek Although China considers Taiwan to be part of their nation, these two Chinas still exist today

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