The Chicano Movement 1960 1975 Civil Rights Movement

The Chicano Movement 1960 -1975

Civil Rights Movement Kennedy introduced Civil Rights Act, 1963 Civil Rights Protests in 800 cities Political movement in Crystal City, TX March on Washington, August 1963

Civil Rights Legislation Kennedy Assassination, November 22, 1963 Civil Rights Act, July 1964 • Outlaws discrimination in employment and public facilities Voting Rights Act, August 1965 • • Outlaws poll tax Provides regulation in regions where African Americans refused the ballot

“Great Society” Economic Opportunity Act, August 1964 Office of Equal Opportunity (OEO) Service Employment Redevelopment (SER) • Education & training Project Head Start • Little School of the 400 Source: http: //digital. houstonlibrary. net/timeline/little-school-400. html

Multifaceted Struggle Labor rights for farm workers Regaining stolen lands Economic opportunity Mobilization of political power Educational Reform Antiwar activism Rights for women Formation of an independent political party

o Cesar Chavez & Dolores Huerta established NFWA in 1962 o. Alliance with Filipino farm workers • Larry Itliong o Farm worker strike against grape growers in Delano, CA in 1965 o March to Sacramento, 1966 o Grape boycott United Farm Workers

• Strikes spread to Texas and Midwest, 1966 • Luis Valdez & Teatro Campesino • Hunger Strike, 1968 • By 1970 2/3 of Califiornia grapes grown under contract with UFW United Farm Workers

Reies Lopez Tijerina New Mexico Fundamentalist minister 1958 meeting with Elijah Mohammed Federal Alliance of Land Grants, 1963

New Mexico Land Grants Movement Based on the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Call for restoration of individual land grants Compensation for families whose lands had been seized illegally Occupation of Kit Carson National Forest, October 1966 Courthouse raids, 1967 • Tierra Amarilla • Rio Arriba County Courthouse Joining forces with American Indian Movement (AIM)

Chicano Movement My fathers have lost the economic battle and won the struggle of cultural survival. And now! I must choose between the paradox of victory of the spirit, despite physical hunger, or to exist in the grasp of American social neurosis, sterilization of the soul and a full stomach. -Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales Excerpt from “I am Joaquin”

“Corky” Gonzales Cultural nationalism Crusade for Justice, 1965 Chicano Youth Liberation Conference • • Denver, 1969 Plan Espiritual de Atzlan

o What were the issues? o. East Los Angeles, 1968 o 15, 000 High school students stage a protest o Sal Castro o Brown Berets Student Walkouts

Chicano Student Movements Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Atzlan (MECh. A) Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO), 1967 El Plan de Santa Barbara, 1969

El Plan de Santa Barbara

MAYO Jose Angel Gutierrez • Crystal City, 1969 Confrontation with HISD

Chicano Students and the Courts Cisneros v. Corpus Christi ISD Ross v. Eckels • Houston Huelga Schools

National Chicano War Moratorium Los Angeles, 1970 Anti-war protest Death or Ruben Salazar

Nixon & the Southern Strategy Richard Nixon elected in 1968 Cabinet Committee on Spanish Speaking People • Promoted Nixon administration