The Chicano Movement 1 Chicano A Mexican American

The Chicano Movement 1

Chicano • A Mexican American • A term of ethnic pride • Developed out of the Hispanic Civil Rights Movement. 2

COLD CALL… 3

Chicano Movement • Focused on 3 main Points: –Farm Workers –Educational Rights –Voting and Political Rights 4

United Farm Workers • During the 1940’s and 1950’s landowners in the West, especially California exploited their workers. • The U. S. had allowed Mexicans to work in the U. S. during WWII. However, after the war employers were suppose to give preference to U. S. citizens. 5

THINK-PAIR-SHARE… • THINK – What are 2 ways that the employers may have “exploited” the Mexican workers? • PAIR with someone close to you • SHARE what you came up with 6

United Farm Workers • Most employers continued to use Mexican workers, because they could pay them very low wages, make them work long hours without a break, and mistreat them. They were also denied the ability to become citizens. 7

United Farm Workers 8

United Farm Workers • Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta joined their two organizations to create the United Farm Workers. • The goal was to unionize for better wages, working conditions, benefits. 9

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United Farm Workers • The group staged peaceful protests and boycotts. • They organized workers which forced the employers to meet their demands. • Filipinos also joined the workers. 11

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United Farm Workers • Benefits: 13 –Specific Hours and Pay –Toilets and Water in fields –Pension after retirement –Protective gear against pesticides –Amnesty for workers brought illegally.

Educational Rights • Issues in education: 14 –Hispanic students were often placed in segregated schools. –Unfair practices against Hispanic students –College and University students worked with African Americans to established rights for both.

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The Brown Berets and Black Panthers met in the 1970’s. 16

Educational Rights 17 • Groups such as the Brown Berets and MAYO all formed to help fight for the rights of students. • Students led Walkouts, Protests, and sit-in through out the West Coast.

Educational Improvements 18 • Introduction of Bi-lingual education in public schools. • Integration of Hispanic students into White schools. • Outlawed manual labor as a punishment.

Educational Improvements • Introduction of Black and Hispanic History classes on College Campuses. 19

Voting and Political Rights • Hispanic Americans were often segregated and persecuted as African Americans had been. • La Raza Unida Political Party –Fought for the rights of Hispanic Americans 20

Voting and Political Rights • 1975: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is extended to Hispanics. • University of California v. Bakke 21 –Universities could not use Affirmative Action to limit Hispanics in Universities.