The Chemistry of Life What are living creatures

Elements of Life § 96% of living organisms is made of: Carbon (C) n

Molecules of Life § Put C, H, N, O, P, S together in §

Why do we eat? § We eat to take in more of these chemicals

Don’t forget water § Water 65% of your body is H 2 O u

How do we make these molecules? We build them! Regents Biology 2006 -2007

Building large molecules of life § Chain together smaller molecules § Carbon can bond

Building large organic molecules § Small molecules = building blocks = monomers § Bond

Building important polymers Carbohydrates = built from sugars sugar – sugar – sugar Proteins

How to build large molecules § Synthesis building bigger molecules from smaller molecules u

How to take large molecules apart § Digestion taking big molecules apart u getting

Example of digestion ATP ATP starch ATP ATP glucose ATP § Starch is digested

Example of synthesis amino acids protein § Proteins are synthesized by bonding amino acids

Any Questions? Penguins gone bad! Regents Biology

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The Chemistry of Life What are living creatures made of? Why do we have to eat? Regents Biology

Elements of Life § 96% of living organisms is made of: Carbon (C) n Hydrogen (H) n Nitrogen (N) n Oxygen (O) n Phosphorous (P) n Sulfur (S) CHNOPS!! n Regents Biology

Molecules of Life § Put C, H, N, O, P, S together in § different ways to build living organisms What are bodies made of? carbohydrates u proteins u lipids u nucleic acids u Regents Biology

Why do we eat? § We eat to take in more of these chemicals u Food for building materials § to make more of us (cells) § for growth § for repair u Food to make energy § calories § to make ATP Regents Biology ATP

Don’t forget water § Water 65% of your body is H 2 O u water is inorganic u § doesn’t contain carbon § Rest of you is made of carbon molecules u organic molecules § § Regents Biology carbohydrates proteins fats nucleic acids

How do we make these molecules? We build them! Regents Biology 2006 -2007

Building large molecules of life § Chain together smaller molecules § Carbon can bond together in rings or chains u building block molecules = monomers § Big molecules built from little molecules u polymers Regents Biology

Building large organic molecules § Small molecules = building blocks = monomers § Bond them together = polymers Regents Biology

Building important polymers Carbohydrates = built from sugars sugar – sugar – sugar Proteins = built from amino acids amino amino acid – acid – acid Nucleic acids (DNA) = built from nucleotides nucleotide – nucleotide Regents Biology

How to build large molecules § Synthesis building bigger molecules from smaller molecules u building cells & bodies u § repair § growth § reproduction + ATP Regents Biology

How to take large molecules apart § Digestion taking big molecules apart u getting raw materials u § for synthesis & growth u making energy (ATP) § for synthesis, growth & everyday functions + ATP Regents Biology

Example of digestion ATP ATP starch ATP ATP glucose ATP § Starch is digested to glucose Regents Biology

Example of synthesis amino acids protein § Proteins are synthesized by bonding amino acids Regents Biology amino acids = building block protein = polymer

Any Questions? Penguins gone bad! Regents Biology