The Chemistry of Life What are living creatures

The Chemistry of Life What are living creatures made of? Regents Biology

ATOMS § Basic building blocks of matter u Made up of protons (+), neutrons (0), and electrons (-) Regents Biology

Elements of Life § 96% of living organisms is made of: n carbon (C) n oxygen (O) n hydrogen (H) n nitrogen (N) n Phosphorous (P) n Sulfur (S) CHNOPS Regents Biology

Molecules of Life – 4 Major Organic Compounds § Put C, H, O, N together in different § ways to build living organisms What are bodies made of? u carbohydrates § sugars & starches proteins u Lipids (fats, oils, waxes) u nucleic acids u § DNA, RNA Regents Biology

Don’t forget water § Water 65% of your body is H 2 O u water is inorganic u § doesn’t contain carbon § Rest of you is made of carbon molecules u organic molecules § § Regents Biology carbohydrates proteins fats nucleic acids

How do we make these molecules? We build them! Regents Biology 2006 -2007

Building large molecules of life § Chain together smaller molecules u building block molecules = monomers § Big molecules built from little molecules u polymers Regents Biology

Building large organic molecules § Small molecules = building blocks § Bond them together = polymers Regents Biology

** Proteins and Nucleic Acids elements in addition to C, H, and O Regentshave Biology

Building important polymers Carbohydrates = built from sugars (monosaccharides disaccharide (2 sugars) polysaccharide (many sugars)) sugar – sugar – sugar Proteins = built from amino acids amino amino acid – acid – acid Peptide Bond Nucleic acids (DNA) = built from nucleotides nucleotide – nucleotide Regents Biology

Lipid (fats, oils, waxes) MONOMER (SUBUNIT) GLYCEROL and FATTY ACIDS (Can often look like a letter E) Double bond Regents Biology

LIPID GLYCEROL Regents Biology FATTY ACIDS

Open Notebook Quiz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Is water organic or inorganic? Why? What are the 4 major organic compounds necessary for life? What does CHNOPS stand for? What are the main parts of an atom? What charges do each of them hold? What does the word “monomer” mean? What does the word “polymer” mean? What are the 3 elements that make up carbohydrates and lipids? What elements make up proteins? What are the monomers (subunits) for lipids? Regents Biology